BackgroundA considerable number of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) of varied nature (inflammatory, infectious, genetic and other etiology) may produce alterations in the hard and soft oral tissues. Among these are Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac and gastroesophageal reflux disease.Material and MethodsArticle search was done using the National library of medicine (PubMed) database using different search terms and analyzed according to their importance.ResultsA large variety of GIDs can give rise to oral lesions, including: RAS like ulceration, mucosal tags, cobblestoning, mucogingivitis, labial and facial swelling, pyostomatitis vegetans, disgeusia and dental abnormalities, among others. Although in most cases the gastrointestinal signs and symptoms highlight in the clinical picture, a considerable percentage of these patients are affected by oral manifestations before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. This lesions can cause significant functional and aesthetics damages as well deteriorate the patient quality of life.ConclusionsAlthough the frequency of oral manifestations is variable across GIDs and in most cases is non-specific, these alterations may precede the underlying disease and therefore can facilitate an opportune diagnosis. Key words:Gastrointestinal disorders, oral lesions, oral mucosal disorders.

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What governs the size and location of seabird colonies has long intrigued population ecologists. Previous analysis of the distribution of colonies of four European seabirds revealed a spatial bias ‐ large colonies occurred farther apart than expected by chance alone ‐ suggesting that intraspecific competition for food supplies during breeding may regulate colony size. Here we use computer intensive statistics to show that a similar spatial bias exists in three burrow‐nesting seabirds ‐ Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus, rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monoccrata, and ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquns‐ nesting off the Pacific coast of Canada. Local habitat constraints explain much of the existing spatial bias: large colonies cannot fit on small islands, and large islands suitable for colonies tended to occur far apart. However, a residual spatial bias still remained for ancient murrelets and Cassin's auklets (but not rhinoceros auklets) after habitat constraints are built into the analysis, for which intraspecific food competition remains a plausible explanation.

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