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Selectivity and sensitivity of PVC membrane electrode are dramatically influenced not only by the specific receptor, but also, mainly for neutral ionophores, by additional lipophilic co-receptor. For cation detection, tetraphenylborate derivatives have been commonly used. Here, we describe novel systems based on conjunction of the classic cation receptors and a highly lipophilic cobalticarborane anionic species. The superiority of this novel co-receptor is demonstrated by application of dibenzo-18-crown-6 and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as ionophores in conjunction with the classic lipophilic additive and the novel additive cobalticarborane. The presented data show much higher efficiency which makes this additive co-receptor ideal for cation detection and development of novel sensors.

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This report presents an optimization of potentiometric measurements with citrate-selective electropolymerized poly(neutral red) electrodes. The optimal background electrolyte for these measurements is a TRIS buffer with nitrate at pH 8.5. The electrodes described here exhibit stable and reproducible near-Nernstian response to citrates with a low detection limit of 6 × 10-6 M. Electrodes polymerized from sulfuric acid and acetonitrile are compared in detail. Simple and sensitive method for quantification of citrate in real-life samples by potentiometry with poly(neutral red) electrodes are presented. Data from potentiometric measurements of citrate are compared with capillary electrophoresis.