The Mediterranean region is one of the most water-scarce areas worldwide and is considered a climate-change hotspot. To assure the viability and competitiveness of irrigated agriculture, it is vital to implement strategies that can maximize water saving without compromising yield. Deficit irrigation (DI) for cultivating drought-tolerant species such as almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) can help in achieving this goal, while at the same time improving fruit chemical composition. This work evaluated the effect of DI techniques and cultivars on the chemical composition of almonds (cvs. Marta, Guara, and Lauranne) in order to elucidate the most suitable irrigation dose under water-scarcity scenarios. Three irrigation regimes were imposed: a control treatment (FI), which was fully irrigated, receiving 100% of the irrigation requirement (IR), and two sustained-deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies that received 75% (SDI75) and 65% (SDI65) of IR. Significant differences among cultivars and irrigation treatments were observed for antioxidant activity and organic acid, sugar, and fatty acid content, which were increased by the SDI strategies. In addition, highly significant correlations were found between leaf-water potential and components such as fumaric acid, sugars, and fatty acids. In terms of the cultivars, cv. Marta showed the highest antioxidant activity, cv. Guara was the richest in organic acids, and cv. Lauranne had the highest fatty acid content. Consequently, SDI strategies improved almond quality parameters related to their nutritional and sensory composition, with significant water savings (reductions of 25–35%) and without important yield loss.

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Cancer is a noncommunicable disease of rising worldwide concern. Marine food products such as Octopus vulgaris ink (OI) could be sources of compounds addressing these concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the antimutagenic, cytoprotective, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antioxidant capacity of OI extracts on human cancer cell lines (22Rv1, HeLa, A549). The ARPE‐19 cell line was used as a reference human cell line to evaluate the ink's cytotoxicity. The water extract exhibited the highest antimutagenic and cytoprotective effect, but the dichloromethane extract (DM) showed the lowest half lethal concentration against 22Rv1 cells. Structural elucidation of purified DM fractions (F1, F2, F3) identified an unreported compound, N‐(2‐ozoazepan‐3‐yl)‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide (OPC). DM‐F2 showed high antiproliferative effect (LC50 = 27.6 µg/mL), reactive species modulation, early‐apoptosis induction (42.9%), and nuclei disruption in 22Rv1 cells. In silico analysis predicted high OPC affinity with Cyclin D1 (−6.70 kcal/mol), suggesting its potential impact on cell cycle arrest. These results highlight the antimutagenic, cytoprotective, and antiproliferative potential health benefits derived from underutilized marine food products such as OI. Further investigations at in vitro or in vivo levels are required to elucidate mechanisms and health benefits from OI. Practical Application O. vulgaris ink is an underutilized marine natural product that could be a source of biological compounds with potential health benefits such as antioxidant activity and cancer prevention.

The oxidative stress damage on cells is an example of roles in the pathogenesis of different degenerative diseases and the search of compounds that can slow this oxidation is continuous. The aim of this work was to obtain bioactive fractions from wild shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) muscle, in order to evaluate their protective capacity and chemo-structurally characterize them. ABTS and DPPH, and FRAP assays suggested that bioactive fractions possess free radical-scavenging capacity, and reducing power, respectively. An inhibitory effect observed on AAPH-induced hemolysis and results from an H 2 O 2-derived radicals-scavenging assay (retinoprotective) suggest that these fractions can exert their protective activity in human cells. UV-Vis, fluorescence, 13 C-, 1 H-NMR, and ESI-MS studies performed on the most bioactive fraction, suggests that their main components are eicosapentaenoic acid, dioctyl phthalate, and a possibly novel indolocarbazole alkaloid derivative. These results suggest that these compounds are good candidates to further investigations as possible chemoprotective agents. Potencial antioxidante, antihemólisis y retinoprotectorr de compuestos lipídicos bioactivos provenientes del músculo del camarón salvaje (Litopenaeus stylirostris) RESUMEN El daño por estrés oxidativo sufrido por las células es un ejemplo de roles en la patogénesis de diferentes enfermedades degenerativas, por lo que la búsqueda de compuestos que retrasen dicha oxidación es continua. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo obtener fracciones bioactivas del músculo de camarón salvaje (Litopenaeus stylirostris), con la finalidad de evaluar su capacidad protectora y de realizar su caracterización quimioestructural. Los ensayos ABTS-DPPH y FRAP indicaron que las fracciones bioactivas poseen capacidad de eliminación de radicales libres y poder reductor, respectivamente. La hemólisis inducida por AAPH permite observar un efecto inhibitorio. Los resultados procedentes de un ensayo de eliminación de radicales derivados de H 2 O 2 (retinoprotector), sugieren que estas fracciones pueden ejercer actividad protectora en células humanas. Los estudios de UV-Vis, fluorescencia, 13 C-, 1 H-NMR y ESI-MS aplicados a la fracción más bioactiva mostraron que sus componentes principales son ácido eicosapentaenoico, ftalato de dioctilo y un derivado de alcaloide de indolocarbazol posiblemente nuevo. Tales resultados insinúan que estos compuestos son buenos candidatos para que futuras investigaciones los evalúen como posibles agentes quimioprotectores.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antimycobacterial potential of the by-products of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Sonora, México is the second shrimp producer state. The following extracts were obtained: exoskeleton hexanic, methanolic and acqueous extracts (ExHex, ExMe, ExAc); and cephalothorax hexanic, acetonic and methanolic extracts (CeHex, CeAce, CeMe). Antibacterial effect was determined by the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 51299, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, and Staphylococcus epidermidis; Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Salmonella typhimurium; and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) Danish strain. CeHex resulted active against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC50= 400 ug mL-1) and against M. bovis BCG (MIC100= 250 ug mL-1). Gas chromatography (GC) of CeHex identified oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, behenic, palmitoleic and linolenic fatty acids. The strong antibacterial activity of CeHex and the identification of its main chemical constituents justify further studies on the clinical applications of this marine by-product.