Summary: The authors present the results of a series of corpus callosotomies (CCS) in 97 patients performed from 1989 to 1997 at the Hospital Neurologico of the Liga Colombiana Contra La Epilepsia, Cartagena, Colombia. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing these procedures in the developing world and analyzes the outcome and cost of treatment. Patients with medically intractable secondarily generalized epilepsy, bilateral nonfocal epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG), and absence of progressive encephalopathy were accepted as candidates (patients aged 0–30 years; 62 children, 19 girls and 43 boys, with mean age at surgery of 7·9 years; 35 adults, 19 women and 16 men, with mean age at surgery of 25·8 years). Preoperatively, the mean seizure frequency was 12·1 per day, or 364 per month (range, 0·06–200 per day, 1·8–6000 per‐month). Before surgery, 40% of patients were classified with generalized tonic‐clonic seizures of different etiologies, or cryptogenic seizures; 36% had mixed seizures; 19% had Lennox‐Gastaut Syndrome; and 5% had West Syndrome. Usually, routine EEG, computed tomography, and clinical findings sufficed for the surgical decision. The standard microsurgical technique performed was an anterior two‐thirds CCS by the same surgeon under general anesthesia. In five cases, an additional frontal lobe excision after electrocorticography and subdural electrode monitoring was carried out in the same session. The results were evaluated after a mean follow‐up of 35 months (range, 12–28). Two thirds of patients became seizure‐free or were left with none or some disabling seizures. AED medication was eased slightly after surgery. The complication rate was low. The patients underwent postoperative psychosocial studies and neuropsychological rehabilitation and showed tendencies toward improvement. The direct cost of CCS in U.S. dollars (US$) ranged between 3,137 and 3,995 depending on the preoperative studies. Thus, CCS is well suited for selected patients in developing countries. Thus far, implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator has exceeded our economic possibilities in treating similar patients. Some reflections on care and research among epilepsy patients in developing countries are discussed.
The artiele describes the development of a eblíd w¡th Joubert Syndrume who, sinee Ihe age of 16 months, has received personalized stimulation therapy at borne and in Ihe Early Intervention Unu (ElE) of thc Faculty, in each of the five arcas considered by the Portage (juide (o Early Educarion: socíalization, language. seiI-heip, cognition, and rnororicity.Repeated evaLuarions durino the treatment (t'p lo age 40 months) showed sLow progress ti oil developrnental arcas, as well os o genes-al attitude to and capacity for [earning.During treatmenr. greatest progress was made in Ihe arcas of cognition and comniunication. Kev~vonls: Joul,ert svndrcnne, vermis agenesia, ccclv intercention Este artículo describe el desarrollo de un niño con síndrome do ,Joubert, atendido en la Unidad de Atención Temprana de una Facultad de Psicologia. El sujeto se incorporó a la edad de 16 meses a un programa individualizado de estimulación temprana en cada una de las cinco áreas consideradas por la Guia Portage de Atención Temprana: socialización, lenguaje, auto-ayuda, cognición y motricidad. El programa se puso en práctica tanto en la unidad como en el hogar tas evaluaciones realizadas a lo largo del periodo de tratamiento
La trombosis venosa cerebral (TSVC) es un tipo de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) que involucra el lado venoso de la circulación cerebral, incluye trombosis de los senos venosos durales y/o de las venas corticales y profundas del cerebro, es una causa poco común 0,5-1 % de todos los accidentes cerebrovasculares, con una prevalencia estimada en el rango entre 0. 22 a 1,23 / 100.000 / año. Los factores de riesgo para TSVC, están generalmente divididos en riesgos adquiridos (por ejemplo: cirugía, trauma, embarazo, puerperio, síndrome antifosfolípido, cáncer, hormonas exógenas) y los riesgos genéticos (trombofilia hereditaria). Los factores de riesgo más ampliamente estudiados para TSVC incluyen estados protrombóticos, las trombofilias heredadas asociadas con TSVC incluyen deficiencias de antitrombina, proteína C, proteína S (PS), mutación del factor V Leiden y la mutación del gen 20210 de protrombina. La prevalencia del déficit de PS, oscila entre un 0,02 y un 0,03 % en la población general y aumenta hasta un 2 % en pacientes no seleccionados con trombosis. Con una mortalidad cercana al 9 %. El manejo es usualmente médico. Se cita el caso de una paciente de 28 años de edad, con cuadro clínico de cefalea de 1 mes de evolución, con hallazgos en neuroimagen de trombosis de senos transverso y sigmoideo izquierdo con déficit de proteína S.
Se presenta un caso de encefalitis por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino sensible. Se trata de una paciente de sexo femenino, de 20 años de edad, quien fue atendida en la Fundación Centro Colombiano de Epilepsia y Enfermedades Neurológicas, de Cartagena, por presentar cefalea, progresivo deterioro del estado cognitivo y focalidad neurológica súbita con limitación a la emisión del lenguaje. Hallazgos en cultivo de LCR revelan crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino sensible. La evolución de esta paciente fue satisfactoria. Se hace una revisión del caso, se realiza análisis de infrecuencia de encefalitis por Staphylococcusa ureus meticilino sensible sin foco de infección primario establecido.
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