In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers’ current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers’ practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha−1 (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha−1), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha−1 (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha−1) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia’s dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha−1, with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha−1, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers’ yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia’s rainfed-prone areas.

In order to fulfil rice production, there were new land clearing programs outside Java, including Merauke, Papua. There were several obstacles on rice cultivation in this area such as low soil fertility which has an effect on less optimal production. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application for improving soil quality in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua. The research design was a split plot with the main factor was fertilizer (with and without rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application). The sub factor was three kinds rice varieties. The data were collected consist of soil chemical and biological properties, the rice growth and yield components. The results showed the addition of fertilizer did not significantly improved soil quality in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua. On the contrary, biofertilizer affect to seed vigor and viability in the nursery. The fertilizer addition significantly effected on rice growth and yield components, it was suspected by rice varieties having different resistance to pests and diseases and straw as compost will suppress the blast growth through temperature factor during decomposition. The highest yield was reached by Inpari 33 of 8.20 Mg ha−1.

<p>Sarmi Regency is a coconut producer with a productive plant area of 5,085 ha or 19.9% of the total coconut area in Papua Province covering an area of 25,585 ha in 2019. There was an increase in land area of 60.96% from the previous year, but this increase was not accompanied by a significant increase in productivity. The low productivity is caused mostly by old coconut plants, not using high yielding varieties of coconut and maintenance activity not using cultivation technology. Nowadays, coconut productivity in Sarmi Regency is only 0.22 tons/ha, under the national coconut productivity 1.1 tons/ha. This paper discusses the prospects, constraints, and opportunities for developing coconut farming in Sarmi Regency, Papua. The area of coconut plantations in Sarmi Regency, coconut trees are only 60.6% productive, of which the rest is immature plantations, damaged plants and new plants. The existence of a large area of land is an opportunity for the development of smallholder coconut plantations in Sarmi Regency, Papua. The use of quality seeds and proper cultivation management is a necessity in increasing coconut production and agribusiness. Constraints faced in coconut agribusiness are the low productivity of smallholder coconut, post-harvest is not optimal, and production has not been able to be absorbed by the local market. The income per farmer in one coconut harvest is Rp. 600,449,- copra income Rp. 900,766,- and the income from coconut oil production is Rp. 1,000,871,-. The results of the feasibility calculation analysis show that the potential of smallholder coconut farming products in Sarmi Regency has an R/C ratio &gt; 1, 1.71 (coconuts), 1.06 (copra) and 1.03 (coconut oil). Coconut agribusiness development strategy, namely the support of infrastructure to support the development of smallholder coconut plantations; Innovation in seed technology, cultivation, harvest and postharvest management; Empowerment and development of farmers; development of marketing networks through institutional participation.</p><p>Keywords: Coconut, agribusiness, development</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kabupaten Sarmi termasuk penghasil kelapa dengan luas areal tanaman produktif 5.085 ha atau 19,9% dari total areal kelapa di Provinsi Papua seluas 25.585 ha pada tahun 2019. Terjadi peningkatan luas areal pertanaman kelapa 60,96% dari tahun sebelumnya, namun tidak disertai dengan peningkatan produktivitas yang signifikan. Rendahnya produktivitas kelapa karena sebagian besar sudah tua, tidak berasal dari bibit unggul, dan tidak menerapkan teknologi dalam perawatan tanaman. Hingga saat ini produktivitas kelapa di Kabupaten Sarmi hanya 0,22 t/ha, jauh lebih rendah dari produktivitas nasional yang mencapai 1,1 t/ha. Makalah ini membahas prospek, kendala, dan peluang pengembangan usahatani kelapa di Kabupaten Sarmi, Papua. Areal perkebunan kelapa yang produktif di daerah ini hanya 60,6%, sisanya tanaman belum menghasilkan, rusak, dan baru. Lahan yang masih luas menjadi peluang pengembangan perkebunan kelapa rakyat di Kabupaten Sarmi, Papua. Penggunaan bibit berkualitas dan pengelolaan budidaya yang tepat menjadi keniscayaan dalam meningkatkan produksi dan agribisnis kelapa. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam agribisnis kelapa ialah rendahnya produktivitas kelapa rakyat, pascapanen tidak optimal, dan produksi belum mampu diserap pasar setempat. Pendapatan petani dari sekali panen buah kelapa adalah Rp 600.449, pendapatan dari kopra Rp 900.766, dan pendapatan dari produk minyak kelapa Rp 1.000.871. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, produk usahatani kelapa rakyat di Kabupaten Sarmi mempunyai R/C ratio 1,71 dalam bentuk buah kelapa, 1,06 dalam bentuk kopra, dan 1,03 dalam bentuk minyak kelapa. Artinya, produk kelapa dalam bentuk buah yang layak. Pengembangan agribisnis kelapa memerlukan dukungan sarana prasarana pendukung, inovasi teknologi perbenihan, budidaya, pengelolaan panen dan pascapanen. Selain itu diperlukan pemberdayaan dan pembinaan petani serta pengembangan jejaring pemasaran melalui kelembagaan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa, agribisnis, pengembangan</p>

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<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Soybean is one of startegies and important food crops in Indonesia. Soybean products are used for human consumption, animal feed, and a variety of non-food consumer and industrial products. They are considered a complete source of plant base protein because all of the essential amino acids are supplied. Soybean can be grown in a wide variety of soil and climate. More than 60% of Indonesia’s soybean consumption still needs to be imported from a broad in case of Papua, about 25% soybean demands is originated from Java island. To meet the needs that important to enhance domestic soybean production. There foreadditional plantations will have to be develop outside Java island such as Papua. Papua hasmany assets favouring soybean growing. Notable  among these are significan 2,75 million ha land area. A highly favorable climate with abundant rainfall, farmers with ample know-how, availability high yielding varieties, existing market potential and a satisfactory economic and government institutional support. In the utilization of land farmer’s need to get coaching and accompanied by an intensively both in land preparation, cultivating maintenance harvesting and post-harvesting by agricultural extension by implementing a specific technology innovation particularly good or sertified seeds of high yielding adapted soybean variety. In line with those, the strategy priorties are development of a seed sector, rehabilitation of all the site previously developed for food crops growing areas, agricultural advice, mechanization at production and technology transfer, support for processing and marketing local price.</p><p><em>Key words : Land potential, Papua, production, soybean, strategy</em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Kedelai adalah salah satu tanaman pangan yang startegis dan penting di Indonesia. Produk kedelai digunakan untuk bahan pangan, pakan ternak, dan berbagai produk olahan dan produk industri. Kedelai merupakan sumber protein nabati lengkap karena semua asam amino esensial yang terkandung didalamnya. Kedelai dapat tumbuh di berbagai kondisi tanah dan iklim. Lebih dari 60% dari konsumsi kedelai di Indonesia masih perlu diimpor dari luar negeri. Di Papua, sekitar 25% kebutuhan kedelai didatangkan dari pulau Jawa. Memenuhi kebutuhan kedelai tersebut yang terpenting adalah meningkatkan produksi kedelai dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu peningkatan budidaya kedelai perlu dikembangkan di luar pulau Jawa seperti Papua. Papua memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk pengembangan kedelai. Adanya potensi lahan sekitar 2,75 juta ha, iklim yang sangat menguntungkan dengan curah hujan yang melimpah, tingkat pengetahuan petani yang cukup, ketersediaan varietas unggul, potensi pasar yang menjanjikan, kepuasan ekonomi dan dukungan lembaga pemerintah. Dalam pemanfaatan lahan, petani membutuhkan pembinaan dan pendampingan yang intensif mulai dari persiapan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, panen dan pasca panen oleh penyuluh pertanian dengan menerapkan inovasi teknologi spesifik lokasi, khususnya benih yang baik atau bersertifikat dari varietas kedelai yang memiliki adaptasi yang tinggi. Sejalan dengan itu, strategi prioritas adalah juga pengembangan melalui sektor perbenihan, perbaikan lahan pengembangan  tanaman pangan terlantar, perluasaan areal tanam, mekanisasi produksi dan transfer teknologi untuk mendukung proses produksi dan pemasaran.</p><p> <em>Kata kunci : Potensi lahan, Papua, produksi, kedelai, strategi</em>.</p>