Endophytic fungus is a fungus that is associated with healthy host tissues without causing disease symptoms. T h i s f u n g u s can be developed as the biological control agent of chilli pests. This study i s aimed a t isolating, selecting and evaluating the potency of endophytic fungi from chilli crops (Capsicum annuum L.) as bioinsecticides. Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves, trunk, branches and roots of chilli. Screening endophytic fungal isolates pathogenic to insect were conducted using fifth instar larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The isolates with the highest mortality were further assayed against Spodoptera litura larvae. The results of the research showed that of the 46 isolates of endophytic fungi that were successfully isolated from chilli, 22 isolates were pathogenic (47.82%) and 24 isolates not pathogenic in insects. Mortality of T. molitor larvae ranged from 15- 30% and the percentage of sporulation ranged from 11.11- 100%. Endophytic fungi werealso able to infect S. litura larvae. Mortality of second instar S. litura larvae ranged from 23.34-64.99%, depending up on the conidial concentrations. Endophytic fungi from chilli were pathogenic in insect and can be developed as bioinsecticides identified as Aspergillus flavus.

The consortia of endophytic bacteria with various mechanisms (competition, antibiotics, induction of resistance, and others), simultaneously, are more effective in controlling pathogens and increasing plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain endophytic bacterial consortia capable of suppressing of bacterial leaf blight and promoting the growth of rice plants. The study consisted of three experimental stages. The first stage was the test on the antibiosis ability of the endophytic bacterial consortia to suppress of pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) using the Kirby Bauer method. The second stage was the test on the ability of endophytic bacterial consortia to promote the growth of rice seedlings. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of six combinations of endophytic bacterial consortia and 15 replications within each combination. The endophytic bacterial consortia were introduced by soaking the seeds, and the observations were made on the plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of rice seedlings. Meanwhile, the third stage was the test on the ability of endophytic bacterial consortia to suppress of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseases and to promote the rice plant growth. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six combinations of endophytic bacterial consortia and five replications within each combination. The endophytic bacterial consortia were introduced by soaking the roots of the seedlings. The observations were made on the incidence of disease, disease severity, number of leaves, plant height, and number of tillers. The results showed that all endophytic bacterial consortia had antibiosis abilities. The best endophytic bacterial consortia for controlling bacterial leaf blight and promoting the growth of rice seedlings and plants were the C (Bacillus sp SJI; Bacillus sp HI) and D (Bacillus sp SJI; S.marcescens isolate JB1E3) consortia.

The aims of the research were to determine the best organic matter as carrier for growth and increasing the density of Trichoderma viride strain TV-T1sk (TV-T1sk) and its influence on Fusarium wilt disease development on banana seedling.  This research consisted of two experiments, i.e. (1). Growth  testing of TV-T1sk  in various organic matter, (2). Various organic matter testing for increasing the density of TV-T1sk in banana rhizosphere and its influence on  Fusarium wilt desease development.  The treatments were various organic matter, namely rice straw, sugar cane pulp, rice bran+banana plant waste,  hull of rice+sugar cane pulp and rice. The variables observed were  density and viability of conidia on various organic matter. Propagule density after introduction to banana rhizosphere was determined by observing TV-T1sk propagul from the rizosphere of banana seedling. The influence of density on Fusarium wilt disease development was determined by incubation period, the percentage of symptomized leaves and the intensity of corm damage. The results showed that both sugar cane pulp and rice were the best organic matter  for increasing  the growth and the density  of TV-T1sk  after introduction to banana rhizosphere. The density of TV-T1sk propagule on banana rhizophere influenced  the development of Fusarium wilt disease.

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Fungal diversity of chili rhizosphere at conventional and organic cropping system and its role as biocontrol agent of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The aim of this research was  to study fungal diversity in chili rhizosphere at conventional and organic system; to ditermine and identify the fungi that had antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides. Diversities of rhizosphere fungi in chili of conventional and organic system were determined by counting the amount of propagule and isolates. Antagonistic activity was examined by dual cultures and slide culture. Identification was determind up to genus level.  Propagule density and the amount of isolates in chili rhizosphere of organic system were higher than those in conventional system. Fifty two fungal isolates were found from chili rhizosphere at conventional and organic system, 28 isolates from organic system and 24 isolates  from conventional.  Ten fungal isolates from chili rhizosphere in organic system and 4 fungal isolates from that in  conventional system had antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides which cause antracnose on chili. The antagonistic isolates were: Trichoderma, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus and unidentified isolate (X isolate).