Th e article presents a number of opportunities and risks to the Europeanisation of administrative proceedings law. Th is process may in particular lead to: the development of a system of institutions of administrative proceedings law in European terms, the more eff ective implementation of substantive law rules determined by EU law, the improvement of complex proceedings based on the cooperation of national administration authorities and EU institutions, the modernisation of national institutions of administrative proceedings law under the infl uence of European models and the strengthening of the standards of the protection of individual rights in administrative proceedings. However, at the same time it is open to a number of challenges, which may be perceived as risks to Europeanisation. Th ese include, inter alia, the atomisation and disintegration of administrative procedure from the perspective of national legal systems, adoption by the EU legislator of procedural solutions incompliant with national models of administrative procedure, diffi culties with the appropriate implementation of EU acts determining procedural solutions into national law, the appropriate co-application of national and EU procedural rules by administration authorities, and the diversifi cation of the standards of protection for individuals in various cases. Additionally, the measures used to partially eliminate the risks of Europeanisation in the area of administrative proceedings law and increase the chances off ered by this process for the development of administrative law and improving the standards for the protection of individual rights have also been pointed out.
The article describes numerous forms of actions of public administration authorities, characteristic of the execution of requirements stemming from Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union. In particular, it addresses the issues, such as: identifying operators of essential services, dealing with computer security incidents, control activities, restitutive measures and punitive measures. It has been demonstrated that, as regards cybersecurity, from the perspective of the requirements of effective implementation of the NIS Directive and good governance assumptions, it is appropriate to adopt hybrid forms of actions of administration authorities, based both on classic sovereign forms of actions of administration authorities (administrative decisions issued in cases regarding the recognition of an operator of an essential service, in cases concerning administrative pecuniary sanctions), as well as on other forms of actions (related to the exchange of information, issuance of recommendations, use of notices or providing technical support).
Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie najważniejszych problemów prawnych, które ujawniły się w orzecznictwie sądów administracyjnych w związku z kontrolą działalności Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych. Kilkuletnie obowiązywanie przepisów Ogólnego rozporządzenia o ochronie danych (RODO) pozwala na identyfikację zagadnień prawa materialnego i procesowego szczególnie istotnych dla kontroli decyzji i postanowień, jak również bezczynności i przewlekłości postępowania w sprawach naruszenia przepisów o ochronie danych osobowych. Na uwagę zasługują takie podnoszone w orzecznictwie kwestie jak relacje między RODO a unormowaniami krajowymi, dyrektywy wykładni przepisów RODO, zakres kompetencji Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych jako organu nadzorczego, formy jego działania, zakres obowiązków administratorów danych, jak i uprawnień podmiotów, których dane są przetwarzane. Uwzględniono również zagadnienia procesowe związane ze stosowaniem przepisów Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego do postępowań prowadzonych przez Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych oraz ich cechy charakterystyczne, takie jak: terminy załatwiania spraw, postępowanie kontrolne, jednoinstancyjność czy określanie wysokości administracyjnej kary pieniężnej, do których odnoszono się w judykaturze.
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