This paper tries to understand the "Merdeka Belajar" policy program launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia in the light of constructivism philosophy. Constructivism is a philosophi that assumes that knowledge is self-construction. Because the nature and learning outcomes are subjective, and depend on each individual, also uncertain, for one's constructivism entity and are more easily recognized by the term "Clutter Paradigm". There are parallels between what was proclaimed by Mas Minister Nadiem Makarim and the concept of education according to the philosophy of the concept of constructivism. Both of them emphasize the aspects of freedom, independence, and flexibility of educational institutions in understanding the competence of students. Learning arrangement with a chaotic approach so that students can be safe, comfortable, and easy to learn. Students as learning subjects –learner control play an important role in structuring the learning. The initiative of children as learners to learn –the willingness to learn- will die when faced with many rules that do not exist in the learning process. It takes freedom, reality, as well as positive attitudes and perceptions of learning as basic capital in the danger of learning initiatives that ultimately result in success in learning.

Constructivism is a function as a method in learning both science and socio-cultural sciences, including literary learning. The purpose of this research was to find out the Increasing of student's performance in writing literary works and to know the effectiveness of constructivist methods in the teaching of writing literary works. This study was experimental method. There were 30 samples in this study, and the assessment was through tests and non-tests. The post-test showed a higher difference than the pre-test, that was 18%. So the constructivism method can be used in the teaching of writing literary works and able to improve student writing competence. The method of constructivism helps students to organize creative ideas in writing literary works. Students can develop ideas, characterizations, good storylines and the ability to raise current phenomena in writing stories.

The difficulty of finding textbooks that fit the needs of students in Management studies makes researchers interested in analysing English material for teaching at the tertiary level. Needs analysis is the first step in developing and improving teaching materials and improving learning activities. In addition, needs analysis is very effective in evaluating students' needs in relation to English for academic, specific, and general purpose. Musdalifa and Syarifuddin (2017) state that needs analysis is very important and as a guideline for designing syllabi, subject matter, and class activities. This study is entitled "Analysis of Instructional Material Based on English for Specific Purposes on the Needs of Management Students at STIE Tri Dharma Nusantara." Participants in the study were 56 students in the Management study program, 2 English lecturers, 1 Management lecturer and the Head of the Management department. This research method is a descriptive qualitative research. The instruments used in data collection are participant observation, questionnaire, and interview. Data were analysed based on Miles and Huberman's model (2012: 129-136) which included reduction data, display data, and conclusion. The results of this study are the topic of English II material based on the analysis of the needs of students majoring in Management based on English for Specific Purpose. Topics of the material are Asking and Giving Direction, Describing Job, Application Letters and Curriculum Vitae, Job Interviews, Writing E-mails, Management Technical Terms, Pronunciation, Talking to A Foreigner, Business Proposals, and Presentation Skills. Furthermore, the skills most needed by students in Management study programs are speaking skills, followed by listening, reading and writing skills. The topic of the material will be arranged into a syllabus and instructional materials in the form of English language modules II. Therefore, this study pays attention to aspects of English for specific purposes in determining topics and formulating teaching materials in order to be able to improve learning activities. Not only English in general but also English based on the needs of management majors both at the academic level and in the world of work in the future.

This research aims to find out the most frequent strategies used by Indonesian female university students in expressing their refusal to sexual intercourse and the refusal strategies that they used to refuse the sexual intercourse. This research was carried out in 14 cities in Indonesia with 638 respondents (307 female respondents and 331 male respondents). The data were collected by using Discourse Completion Task (DCT) and interview to identify the sexual refusal strategies by female university students. The data were analyzed by using reconstructed conversation and Speech Act theory by Searle (1976) and Politeness of Brown & Levinson (1989) as a supporting theory. This research finds seven frequent strategies used by Indonesian female university students to refuse the sexual intercourse. The first is pregnancy risk reason (37,07%), next is legality reason (21,59%), postponement (15,48%) is at the third place, direct refusal non-performative (14,05 %) as the forth and is followed by religiouos reason (7,94%) at the fifth, direct refusal performative (2,24%) is the sixth and the last strategy is topic switch (1,63%). The data also show that most of Indonesian female university students refuse the sexual intercourse by giving pregnancy risk reason such as fear of being pregnant. From the reconstructed conversation, the data analysis show that most of them use Indirect Speech Act to  maintain the relationship, the politeness and the positive face want of their boyfriend.