Graphical abstract

Sheep breeders in Egypt suffer from pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella trehalosi, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica. The disease is responsible for significant economic losses in the sheep industry according to the high mortality rate and reduced carcass values. Pneumobac® is the primary vaccine in Egypt used to control pasteurellosis in sheep. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the nonspecific immune stimulating impact of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis against Pasteurella in sheep vaccinated with Pneumobac®. Nine sheep were classified into three groups, each with three animals. The sheep in the first and second groups were inoculated with the inactivated culture of Pneumobac® and a combined inactivated culture of Pneumobac® with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin, respectively. The third group was nonvaccinated and kept in control. Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the humoral immune response to the produced vaccines. The results of the present study confirmed that the antibodies titer against Pasteurella multocida type A, D, and B6, Pasteurella trehalosi type T, and Mannheimia haemolytica type A significantly increased in sheep vaccinated with a combined vaccine (Pneumobac® and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin), compared to those vaccinated with Pneumobac® alone. It was concluded that the addition of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ovis bacterin to inactivated Pneumobac® vaccine could increase the immune response against pneumonic pasteurellosis.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is responsible for Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) disease in small ruminants (goats and sheep). The disease is difficult to control because antibiotic therapy is not effective. The disease is characterized by caseous abscess formation in the internal and external lymph nodes. Diagnosis is currently achieved only by routine bacteriological culture of pus obtained from external abscess. The lateral flow immunochromatographic test (LFIT) was prepared and evaluated for discover the present of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in pus samples obtained from abscess in superficial lymph nodes. The minimal count of bacterial that gave positive LFIT was 10 2 CFU/ 0.1ml. About 100 pus samples from external lymph nodes were examined by the LFIT and the results were compared with conventional microbiological method. The obtained results demonstrate that the specificity was calculated and found to be 88.24%, while sensitivity was 90.36% and finally the accuracy was 90% of LFIT as compared to conventional microbiological method. These findings indicate that the developed LFIT test is a fast, simple and inexpensive field test of good specificity, sensitivity and accuracy that can be used to enhance Caseous Lymphadenitis control among sheep and goats.

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) when renal replacement therapy (RRT) is necessary for sustaining life. Assessment of QoL of ESRD patients has become an essential tool to measure how the disease affects patients’ lives, and to develop better plans of care. Little is known about QoL in patients with CKD before RRT. This study aims to examine the various socio-demographic and other factors that affect the daily QoL of ESRD patients on haemodialysis (HD).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr Selma Dialysis Center, Khartoum, Sudan from September to December 2018. A total of 138 adult patients on chronic dialysis were recruited in this observational study. The QoL was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form questionnaire (KDQoL-SF™).Results: Out of 138 enrolled patients, there were 105 patients (76.1%) had a good QoL and 33 patients (23.9%) had a poor QoL.Patients with a poor QoL had an average age of 42.8 ± 12.9 years. The good-QoL group had an average age of 46.9 ± 14.9 years. The total score of KDQoL-SF was 61.6%, while the scores for the physical and mental components were 39.3 ± 9.6 and 50.0 ± 10.6 respectively.Conclusion: This study indicated that the main factors that have a significant impact on the QoL were social status, origin, employment status, duration of the CKD, family history of kidney disease, time on HD, and Hypertension.

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