Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair does not seem to be a better procedure than the open anterior technique in terms of operative time, hospitalization, complications, pain or quality of life.

 Extract the maximum output power from photovoltaic (PV) panels under different solar radiation and temperature conditions.  A comparative study between perturb and observe (P & O) and incremental conduction (INC) algorithms.  The boost converter design increases the voltage of the photovoltaic panel by controlling the duty cycle.  The performance of the INC algorithm is better than that of P & O. The biggest challenge in the solar system is to extract the maximum output power from photovoltaic (PV) panels under different solar radiation and temperature conditions. This paper presents a comparative study between perturb and observe (P & O) and incremental conduction (INC) algorithms. These are the most popular algorithms for tracking solar PV panels and extracting the maximum power point (MPP) under different climate conditions. The studied PV system and the MPPT techniques have been investigated by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation includes a boost converter, which increases the PV panel voltage by controlling the duty cycle. The obtained results show that the P & O performance close to MPP under constant test conditions (STC) is better than the variable conditions due to oscillation. In contrast, the performance of the INC algorithm is better than P & O in terms of speed to reach MPP, accuracy, and quality under changes in radiation and temperature conditions.

The object of this study was to analyse the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) without previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in mild acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) patients once the acute attack had resolved. Seventy-six patients were operated on after a recent episode of mild ABP, as determined by the presence of three or less positive Ranson-lmrie criteria (ABP-Group). Depending on the proximity of LC to the ABP attack, the ABP-Group was further divided into two subgroups. Forty patients were operated on during the first 2 weeks after the onset of pancreatic symptoms (early-LC subgroup), and 36 were operated on between 16 and 60 days (delayed-LC subgroup). The results are compared with 41 1 patients who underwent LC for uncomplicated cholelithiasis (Control-Group) during the same period. The operative time and incidence of common bile duct stones were significantly superior in the ABP-Group (p

Objective: To know in detail the level of origin, course and relation of the cystic artery and to assess frequency of the anatomical variations of cystic artery in hepatobiliary triangle observed during laparoscopic exposure for the guidance of laparoscopic surgeons. Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study in 6oo patients. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was undertaken in five teaching hospitals with adequate facilities and skillfull surgical team, from 8th Jan 2011-15th Jan 2014. Methadology: Surgical management of Six hundred patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done from 8th April 2012 to 9th April 2014 prospectively. The Stryker, American laparoscope of 30° was employed in this study. We selected patients on the basis of non-probabilty convenient sampling technique. The DVD recorder was used to display course and relations of cystic artery and its variations on endoscopic visualization. using Medical grade video monitor was practiced to display and document anatomical variations. Photographs of each observed anatomical variation was taken. Results: Our experience with 600 laparoscopic cholecystectomies has revealed that anatomic variations of the cystic artery occur frequently. Overall results demonstrated 24% variations in the origin, course, relation of cystic artery in hepatobiliary triangle.In 76% of patients we demonstrared usual anatomy of cystic artery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgeons must know origin, course, relation of cystic artery and its variations to avoid vascular injuries, which can cause serious hemorrhage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to prevent postoperative complications. These injuries can result into significant morbidity and even mortality.