Scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXM) are well matched to the optics of high resolution monochromators, offer a variety of imaging modes and can minimize radiation damage to the specimen. We describe the Stony Brook STXM at the NSLS. This microscope is used for a variety of studies by many users; we briefly outline its use for studies of hydrated colloidal systems and for dark field microscopy on immunogold labeled specimens as examples. In order to keep pace with developments in zone plate optics, spectroscopy and a variety of imaging modalities, the microscope is being redesigned and its characteristics are discussed. Its primary x-ray detector will be a new multiwire proportional counter with high count rate capability.

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Unlike transmission X-ray microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), till now, does not allow phase contrast. Several method have been suggested but no proof of practical feasibility has been yet given. Here we analyze the methods based on the detection of the small beam deflection induced by the object phase gradient, by a segmented detector. It is shown that structuring the zone plate illumination potentially improves the detection. A diffractive beam profiler has been constructed to condition the beam of the NSLS X1A STXM. Recent images are shown, which, compared to numerical simulations, indicate the presence of phase contrast

Driven by the requirements of new x-ray microscopy instrumentation the Stony Brook microscopy beamline X-1A has undergone considerable evolution [1]. The room temperature scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) has been completely redesigned improving performance, ease of use and compatibility with other experiments. We present the highlights of the new design, the available detectors and the result of early tests of this new microscope.

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