INTRODUCTION: In head and neck cancer patients, weight loss increases morbidity and mortality, and decreases treatment tolerance and quality of life. Early nutritional intervention has beneficial effects on these factors. AIM: We observed patients weight courses after specialists care and surveyed nutrition-related documentation by general practitioners (GPs). METHODS: From a Head and Neck Oncology Centre (HNOC) study, 68 patients were asked to participate in an extended general practice cohort. Twenty-six patients participated in the prospective three-monthly weight measurements during the year after HNOC care. We extracted nutritional information contained in referral letters (n=24) and medical records from the year before referral (n=45) and after HNOC care (n=26). An impaired nutritional status was assigned to weight loss =10% within six months or Body Mass Index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 and at risk to weight loss =5% but <10% within six months. RESULTS: Three (12%) participants were nutritionally impaired and two (8%) were deemed at risk. Although GPs suspected a (pre-) malignancy in 11 cases (46%), only two (8%) documented weight loss or BMI and four (17%) nutrition-related complaints in their referral letters. Medical records more often contained information on nutrition-related complaints and tube feeding later in the disease course, as opposed to concern over weight loss or BMI. DISCUSSION: Therefore, we call for nutritional management in general practice, by urging practitioners to assess patients nutritional status throughout the disease course and intervene if necessary. The passing on of related information in case of referral promotes continuity of care. KEYWORDS: Humans; follow-up studies; weight loss; cachexia; family practice; head and neck neoplasms
Since children spend most of their time close to home, the neighborhood environment affects their daily life activity patterns in a number of important ways. Based on research conducted in Oakland, California, this paper reports results of a survey comparing children's play patterns across neighborhoods of different social status, different terrains, different levels of access to play space, and different levels of municipally provided after-school services. The paper argues that few neighborhoods are designed with the needs of young people in mind. By examining how children's play patterns in four neighborhoods are constrained or facilitated by the terrain, by the availability of "managed" and "unmanaged" play space, and by play problems associated with questions of safety and mobility, it is possible to see how planning and land-use decisions affect the everyday experience of the young.
La modernización de todo aspecto de la sociedad es preocupación insistente de la narrativa argentina de la primera década del siglo XX. Con entusiasmo y con dudas inquietantes, se comentan los cambios sociales inmensos sucedidos en los últimos años del siglo XIX. En libros aparentemente tan distintos como La guerra gaucha (1905) Iturbe (1906) de César Duáyen, se vislumbra y se articula la profunda inquietud generada por el nuevo "progreso" y una sociedad que cambia muy rápidamente.1 Se explora la tensión entre apertura (esperanza optimista en el poder transformativo de la nueva tecnología) y ruptura (abandono y depreciación de valores tradicionales). Los viejos modelos ya carecen de validez; civilización/barbarie ya no es paradigma estable: se teme que debajo de la superficie de la supuesta civilización yazga una barbarie transmutada. En cuanto al gaucho simbólico, el argentino esencial rural, ya ni encarna la violencia primitiva ni es emblema de inocencia rousseauniana. Los movimientos feministas de las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, y las olas de inmigraciones han transformado para siempre las nociones de una Gran Aldea estable. Para las mujeres y los hombres de esta sociedad nueva, es bien difícil averiguar cómo comportarse: todas las reglas tradicionales están cambiando y hacen falta nuevos manuales de instrucción. No es coincidencia que sea la época de codificación escrita, con proliferación de libros de cocina, de etiqueta, de remedios médicos, de programas de educación, y de historias panorámicas de la literatura, junto con todos los manuales que requiere la nueva tecnología en esta edad de industria floresciente. El optimismo de los 1880 frente a los avances tecnológicos, que se celebra, por ejemplo, en la novela Oasis en la vida (1888) de Juana Manuela Gorriti, se transmuta en preocupación por el estado de la nación y sus ciudadanos. En la narrativa de César Duáyen, se exploran algunas de las posibilidades y limitaciones inherentes en los cambios sociales de los primeros años del siglo XX.1 Para una discusión más extensa de estos cambios, y de novelas argentinas de esta primera década del siglo XX, ver Fletcher; Masiello; Bonet y, más dispersamente Vázquez-Rial.
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