Approximately half the CHD mortality rate fall in Auckland, New Zealand, was attributed to medical therapies, and approximately half was attributed to reductions in major risk factors. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive strategy that maximizes the population coverage of effective treatments and actively promotes a prevention program, particularly for smoking, diet, and blood pressure reduction.

By facilitating the identification and monitoring of patients at high risk for MEs and ADEs, the ART has enabled one hospital's clinical pharmacists to conduct interventions such as medication reconciliation and clinical review in a more timely and targeted manner.

We compare strategies to manage surgical waiting times in Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, and Wales to give policy insights into those that are most effective. Most of these countries have allocated dedicated funding and set explicit waiting time targets. Of the five countries, England has achieved the most sustained improvement, linked to major funding boosts, ambitious waiting-time targets, and a rigorous performance management system. While supply-side strategies are used in all five countries, New Zealand and parts of Canada have also invested in demand-side strategies through the use of clinical criteria to prioritize access to surgery.