ERα, PRA expression in tumors with adverse prognostic factors support the mitogenic role of estrogen and estrogenic regulation of PR. Her-2-neu and p53 expression only in malignant tumors suggest their carcinogenic role and aid in the differentiation of borderline and malignant tumors. Higher Ki-67 in tumors with adverse prognostic factors would help in prognostication and differentiation. Lack of co-expression of markers proves the extreme heterogeneity of ovarian tumors. These markers may aid in differentiation and prognostication of ovarian tumors.

Malignant nodular hidradenoma (MNH) also known as hidradenocarcinoma is very rare adnexal tumor with exceedingly low incidence of 0.001%. The recognition is very important because eccrine carcinomas have potential of local destruction and distant metastasis. Given the relative paucity of published data with only just over 50 case reports and small case series, there is little information available on the natural history and appropriate management for this disease. It has been reported most frequently in the head and neck and rarely on the extremities. There is no consensus treatment for metastatic hidradenocarcinoma since it is a rare and aggressive tumor. We report a rare case of MNH in a 70-year-old female presented with inguinal lymphadenopathy and discuss cytological findings and histopathological features with review of literature. Adnexal tumors need thorough histopathological analysis to conclude their biological behavior. This study will highlight the importance of appropriate wide excision of primary adnexal tumors and thereby preventing metastatic presentations in future.

Background:Micronucleus is a small fragment of nucleus present in the cells which have undergone chromosomal damage. It is used as a biomarker of genomic damage.Aims:We aim to study the presence of micronucleus on breast cytology smears and the use of scoring the micronucleus as an additional criteria for the classification of breast lesions with emphasis on borderline gray zone categories.Settings and Design:This is a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study.Materials and Methods:Retrospective analysis of breast cytology smears received over a period of 2 years formed the basis of the study. Micronucleus scoring was done by counting the number of micronuclei in 1000 epithelial cells under oil immersion and compared in the benign, adenosis, usual/atypical ductal hyperplasia, and the three grades of infiltrating ductal carcinomas.Statistical Analysis:Descriptive analyses and one-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results:Of the 243 cases, the average statistically significant (P < 0.05) micronuclei scores of the benign (190), adenosis (7), usual (11)/atypical (5) hyperplasia, grade 1, 2, and 3 carcinomas (30) were 0.5, 2, 2.9, 6.6, 13.2, 20.6, and 27.5, respectively (the corresponding median scores were 0.5, 2, 3, 6, and 20, respectively). Micronucleus score of ≤1 had a high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99%) in confirmation of benign cases. Micronucleus score of ≥5 and <10 had a moderate sensitivity (60%) but a high specificity of 99% in detecting atypical ductal hyperplasia. Micronucleus score of ≥10 had a high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (99%) of detecting carcinomas.Conclusion:Micronucleus scores showed a gradual increase across the categories proving the gradual occurrence of genomic damage. Micronucleus scoring serves as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of breast lesions.

No abstract

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare cutaneous tumor with eccrine differentiation with varied clinical manifestations. We report a case of reactive eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis associated with chronic bilateral plantar ulcers in a patient with diabetes mellitus presenting as plantar hyperkeratosis and verrucous growth at margins.