In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013;Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.

Migrating toward CapillaryCapillary electrophoresis, as its name suggests, incorporates the separation mechanisms of traditional electrophoresis into a capillary format. CE has much to offer biochemists who use conventional slabgel electrophoresis as well as analytical chemists who use various chromatographic techniques. It offers the ease and speed of HPLC and can be used for a wide variety of applications-from peptides and proteins to inorganic ions and industrial polymers. It also has the ability to handle very small samples (on the order of microliters), uses only a small amount of solvent (buffer), results in high column efficiencies, and lends itself easily to quantitation and automation.Although the use of capillaries for performing electrophoretic separations was first suggested by Everaerts in the mid-1960s, the first demonstration of the potential of CE for highly efficient separations did not appear until 1981, when James Jorgenson and his research group at the University of North Carolina used zone electrophoresis in open-tubular glass capillaries to separate amino adds, dipeptides, and amines. As the advantages of CE became apparent over the next several years, CE drew more and more attention from researchers in various fields.For many years, investigators interested in using CE had to build their own systems from a controllable high-voltage CE combines the ease and speed of HPLC with extremely high efficiency and the ability to handle very small samples power supply, two electrode assemblies, two buffer reservoirs, a fused-silica capillary with a viewing window, and a UV detector. These early homemade CE systems, however, were inconvenient for routine analysis and too imprecise for quantitative analysis. By 1988, instrument companies became interested in producing commercial instruments. Since then, the market for CE has virtually exploded, and at least 10 companies currently include a complete CE system in their instrument line. Table 1, although not intended to be comprehensive, compares the features of 10 currently available CE instruments.

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