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Organisations can have a significant impact (positive or negative) on society through their actions and decisions. Given this reality, it is important that they are held responsible and accountable for the consequences of their actions. This concept is often referred to as ‘social responsibility’. However, ‘social responsibility’, as currently conceived in the literature, neglects a specific focus on health as a social goal. Additionally, there are no practical tools to capture this concept in a holistic way to facilitate implementation and monitoring of organisational improvement. This paper reports on the process of developing a more holistic conceptual framework and tool for assessing organisational social responsibility and accountability for health (OSRAH). We conducted a review of the published and grey literature and engaged in expert consultation and focus group discussions. The initial OSRAH framework and the self-assessment tool were finalised for implementation and used by 95 organisations at a national event in Iran in February 2017. The results of the assessment data collected at the event showed organisations scored lowest in the domain of community health and highest in the domain of employee health. The OSRAH framework and assessment tool represents a new understanding of health and its determinants in organisations outside the health sector. It integrates health within the existing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) culture of organisations. The process of creating the tool and implementing it at the national festival of OSRAH in Iran created momentum for intersectoral action. This experience can inspire researchers and practitioners in other countries, especially in developing countries, to develop their own local definition and practical assessment framework for responsibility and accountability.

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Sound is an effective exogenous factors which affecting human brain processing mechanisms. This research was quasi experimental study that was carried out among 70 students to evaluate the effect of sound frequency on human noise annoyance. Noise annoyance degree was measured during exposure to sound at various frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz. Sound.exe software was used to determine the sound with different frequencies and noise annoyance was determined based on the acoustic questionnaire "Acoustics Assessment of noise annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys". According to the results of this study, in female participants, the maximum degree of noise annoyance is at 4000 Hz and in male subjects, the highest degree of noise annoyance is at 8000 Hz and from 500 to 8000 Hz, the frequency of noise annoyance increases, respectively. There was significant relationship between noise annoyances with different frequencies. The highest level of noise annoyance was at 8000 Hz and the lowest level was at 500. There was significant difference between male and female dissonance. In this study, the gender variable as one of the factors affecting anxiety was studied. The results of this study showed that the frequency with maximum noise annoyance is different in men and women and the maximum degree of noise annoyance is at 4000 and 8000 Hz.

Background: Accidents caused by children's play equipment are a severe health threat to them. Implementing the requirements of the safety standards is necessary to ensure the safety of such equipment. The current study aimed to determine the general safety of playground equipment in general parks in Gonabad City, Iran. We also compared the level of the general safety of this equipment with national standards. Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in all the parks of Gonabad City during the autumn and winter of 2017. The required information on the playgrounds in the public parks of this city was collected by a checklist. The checklist was designed based on the general safety of playgrounds standards (national standard 1-6436) in 124 items.Results: On average, 9.55 of standard requirements were not implemented in examined parks. Moreover, none of the studied parks fully complied with current standards. We observed fractures, cracks, or deformation in equipment, rough surfaces with the risk of injury, hazardous conditions due to inappropriate design that could harm children, as well as the lack of middle aggressors. These were non-compliant components observed at least 70% of the studied parks. Conclusion:Removing points with fracture and defective points, and improving the level of children's playground is essential. The obtained data also emphasized the need for periodic safety audits and the improvement of the safety level of children's playground equipment.