Introduction: Myocardial bridge (MB) is a congenital anomaly in which a segment of a coronary artery is surrounded by myocardium. In our study, we want to use conventional coronary angiography (CCA) to describe morphologic characteristics of MB (unidentified or identified) in the patients with documented evidence of MB in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: The present study was designed as cross-sectional and was conducted on 47 patients with documented evidence of MB in CCTA, who were referred to Nemazee and Faghihi hospitals for performing coronary angiography during a one year period. We compared the morphologic characteristics of tunneled segments, which were missed at CCA (unidentified), and the tunneled segments which were identified with CCA. Results: In sum, MB was found in 16 (34%) patients at CCA (identified), and it was not found in 31 (66%) patients (unidentified) based on compression sign. No significant correlation was found between the percentage of systolic compression and the length and depth of the tunneled segment in identified group (r=0.73, P = 0.18; r=1.09, P = 0.15; respectively). Degree of atherosclerotic plaque formation (diameter stenosis, percentage) (mean, 0.25 (25%) ±0.29; range, 0-0.98) of the tunneled segments in unidentified group was significantly more than the same degree (mean, 0.07 (7%) ±0.13; range, 0-0.41) of the identified group (P = 0.03). The measurement of the trapezoid area under the tunneled segment with this formula [(MB length+ intramyocardial segment) ×depth/2] had significant relation with systolic compression (r=0.304, P = 0.03) and defined the cut-off value of 250 mm2 as the value of significant difference in detecting myocardial bridging with CCA. Conclusion: Our results showed that in most of identified MBs in CCA the tunneled segment area was equal and more than 250 mm2. In addition, the degree of atherosclerotic plaque of the tunneled segments at CCA was significantly more in unidentified group.

Background: We aimed to determine the effect of periurethral cleaning before catheterization using chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on bacteriuria and pyuria. Methods: This study was a single-blind clinical trial on a sample selected by convenience sampling. Demographic and clinical questionnaires were completed, and patients were randomly divided into two groups) 36 patients each of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine using Minimization Software based on confounding variables including age, consciousness level, triage level, nutritional status, and underlying disease. The periurethral areas were cleaned with the given antiseptics and catheterized using standard and sterile procedures. Then, specimens were taken for urinalysis and urine culture immediately, 72 hours, and five days after catheterization. Then, bacteriuria rate, pyuria rate, and the number of microorganisms were determined through examinations. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the bacteriuria rate between the two groups immediately (P = 0.76), 72 hours (P = 0.22), and five days (P = 0.50) after catheterization. The positive pyuria rate was not significantly different between the two groups immediately after catheterization. However, it was significantly higher in the povidone-iodine group 72 hours (P = 0.03) and five days (P = 0.004) after catheterization. The Mann-Whitney test compared the mean number of microorganisms between the two groups at different times. This test showed no significant difference in the number of microorganisms immediately (P = 0.93), 72 hours (P = 0.43), and five days (P = 0.61) after catheterization. Conclusions: Due to the lower side effects of chlorhexidine than povidone-iodine, it is suggested that similar studies be performed in other hospital wards with more stable patients to obtain more statistically significant results.

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