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The present study aim to investigate the phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of the ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Artemisia quettensis Podlech. The aerial part of A. quettensis Podlech extract was used for Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities. GC/MS analysis of extract from this plant showed 23 major components and the most dominant components were acetic acid, [4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) cyclohex-1-enyl] methyl ester (13.88%), trans-Phytol (10.06%) and 2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1,8-diol diacetate (6.8%). The extract had significant antibacterial and anticancer effects. The highest percentage of antioxidant activity was 78.46% at 2 mg/mL concentration of extract. Moreover, the highest antibacterial effects of extract were against to gram-positive bacteria and the IC cell cytotoxicity value on HT29 cell line in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were 31.54, 6.08 and 2.96 mg/mL, respectively. From this study, A. quettensis Podlech could be considered as a promising source for novel drug compounds.

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) toxin is an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. The main genes are coa and spa for distinguishing and typing of S. aureus isolates. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance, presence of mecA and pvl genes, as well as epidemiological typing of these isolates according to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in clinical sample isolated from Rasht city, Iran. A total of 250 clinical samples have been isolated from different hospitals. First, isolates of S. aureus were identified through microbiological methods and their antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disk diffusion agar based on a standard method of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. DNA was extracted by boiling and presence of pvl and mecA genes was investigated by PCR using specific primers. To type these isolates, amplification of fragments of coa and spa genes was done and restriction enzyme digestion pattern was determined by PCR-RFLP method. Among the 250 samples, 50 isolates belonged to S. aureus and results of antibiotic sensitivity showed that 68% (34 samples) of isolates were methicillin resistant. Frequency of mecA and pvl genes among S. aureus isolates were 60% (30 samples) and 20% (10 samples). The PCR of coa gene showed three patterns whereas that of spa gene showed two patterns for enzyme digestion. Result of PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzymes for coa gene and Bsp1431 for spa gene showed three patterns for enzyme digestion. Recent studies indicated increase in the resistance of S. aureus to different antibiotics, which is a serious problem in the treatment of infections resulting from S. aureus in this region. The result of PCR of pvl showed high frequency of this gene in this region, and coa and spa typing by PCR-RFLP was a useful tool for typing of S. aureus isolates.