The article deals with psychogenetic and neuropsychological principles of envy. Its originality lies in the fact that envy is seen as an unpleasant emotion and feeling, and a negative attitude, projected onto another person who, compared to the object of envy, has certain advantages, opportunities, or is in a more favourable position (social, psychological, physical, financial). Besides, the article analyzes theoretical-empirical and experimental studies on envy, its neuropsychological aspects and influence on the functioning of the brain. It shows prerequisites (genetic and social) for envy as an emotional experience and analyzes the role of social comparison in generating and consolidating envy. The article discusses describes the neuropsychological localization of envy in brain structures and the role of mirror neurons in the formation of envious impulses. It also theoretically proves that envy as a mental reaction is a situational and short-term feeling of dissatisfaction aroused by someone else’s possessions, qualities or luck, which is manifested in a strong desire to have them for oneself right away. Social comparison (not in one’s favour) causes a profound drop in self-esteem, which the brain perceives as physical pain. This triggers specific mechanisms of imaginary psychological compensation when someone else’s defeat is perceived as one’s victory. Short-term envious reactions are based on the natural action mechanism of mirror neurons in the brain that come from “imitative desire”, important for survival. Neuropsychologists have traced the overactivation of mirror neurons responsible for assessment and motivation in those people whose experience of envy is frequent and long-term. The article suggests possible ways of envy psychocorrection based on the neuropsychological mechanisms of its formation.

Forensic psychological examination as a special procedural action,clearly regulated by law, the main purpose is to obtain an expert opinion.Examination is carried out in situations when there is a need to applyhighly specialized psychological knowledge to address issues that ariseduring the investigation of a crime.Of particular importance is the psychological analysis of the psychophysiologicalstate of the subject, as the examination of the states ofaffect and all related procedural actions are extremely complex. The purposeof the article is to reveal some specific aspects of the organizationof expert research on the psychological propensity to experience affect.Object of research: psychophysiological basis of the emotional sphere ofpersonality. Subject of research: features of expert research of the affectivesphere of personality.The interest of law enforcement agencies in the SPE of the psychologicalstate of a person at the time of the offense is caused by the fact thatmany serious crimes related to physical violence are committed in a stateof so-called strong emotional excitement caused by wrongdoing.If the fact of a person being in a state of strong emotional excitementduring the period under study is established, then his actions entaila significant mitigation of liability. Using Student’s t-test, significantdifferences were found between the control and experimental groups interms of mental activation, interest, emotional tone, tension, comfort.The experimental group is dominated by states: mental activation, emotionaltone and comfort, in the control — more represented interest andtension.In addition, statistically significant differences between subgroupsof men (and between experimental and control groups in general) were found for all emotional states, but no statistically significant differenceswere found between subgroups of women for “comfort”. Based on theobtained data, we can assume that the experimental group (a group ofpeople who are psychologically prone to experiencing affect) has a highlevel of mental activation, emotional tone and comfort.

The article considers the issue of the principles of realization of physical therapy of students from the point of view of neurosciences. The article notes that modern higher education is characterized by the appearance of a new medical specialty "Physical therapy, Ergotherapy". The emphasis is made on the fact that the Ukrainian society badly needed such specialists. The essence of such concepts: "higher education", "specialist", "vocational training", "physical therapy", "Ergotherapy", "rehabilitation therapist", "neuropedagogy", "neuropsychology" is considered. It is noted that physiotherapists from Japan played an important role in assisting athletes during the 2020 Olympic Games. Since 2007, the Ukrainian Association for Physical Therapy has been organized in Ukraine. It is proved that the first appearance of the profession, which is associated with physiotherapy exercises, dates back to the beginning of the XX century. It is noted that the government document gives the right to be in training persons who have special educational problems. A review of articles by domestic and foreign authors on the use of physical therapy to improve human health is made. The main aspects of training a future specialist in physical therapy are disclosed. It is noted that university teachers should think about a modern approach when teaching subjects. The professional training of future specialists in physical therapy to work on improving the health of athletes has been studied in detail. Structural components that should be taken into account by future specialists are noted. The interactive methods and forms of work that are integral to teaching students are named. It is noted that future specialists should have not only knowledge of physical culture, but also pedagogical, psychological and physiological methods of work. In addition, it was noted that for rehabilitation therapists it is important knowledge of intersubject relationships. The active-operational component of the professional activity of students has been investigated. In addition, it is noted that the physiotherapist should be professional in the selection of exercises for remedial gymnastic. Since it was found that the neuropsychological overload of students requires physical therapy.

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Responsibility as a social phenomenon has powerful levers of influenceon the regulation of the subject’s behavior. This influence is especiallyimportant in the modern social space, because any transformationsand challenges of Ukrainian society are always most pronounced in thepersonal characteristics of young people, who often find themselves ina situation of moral choice and action, and the result of its activity acquiresa certain significance for others. on personal responsibility.For a modern young person to be responsible means to understandthe needs of others as their own, to be tolerant and respectful of thepersonal manifestations of others, to be able to manage their own actionsand desires, aligning them with moral norms. This problem becomes especiallyimportant in adolescence, when the child is most sensitive to theprocesses taking place in society.Purpose of the article: theoretical substantiation and empirical researchof personal determinants of responsibility in adolescence. Objectof research: responsibility of the individual. Subject of research: personaldeterminants of responsibility in adolescence. The results of the empiricalstudy confirmed that the value orientations of the individual areimportant for the formation of his psychological readiness to take moralresponsibility.An essential factor that determines the psychological readiness of theadolescent to take responsibility are self-esteem and the desire to maintainits positive value.