The paper presents water uptake and tensile properties of epoxy filled with inorganic fillers having different reactivity to water, namely Portland cement, fly ash, and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) particles. Portland cement and CaCO 3, respectively have the highest and the lowest water reactivity. The filler volume fraction was ranging from 0 to 25 %. The results showed that for the reactive filler, with the increase of volume fraction, the water uptake increased and behaved as non-Fickian, whereas for the less reactive filler, the water uptake decreased and behaved as pseudo-Fickian. In dry condition, with the increase of volume fraction, the elastic modulus and tensile strength increased and tended to decrease, respectively, regardless of the filler type. However, in wet condition, the positive effect of filler on the elastic modulus diminished due to excessive plasticization of the matrix, and the reduction of elastic modulus of the most reactive filler is the lowest.
Keberlimpahan sampah styrofoam dapat diatasi dengan proses pengolahan yang tepat, salah satunya adalah dengan proses pirolisis. Penelitian sebelumnya melakukan pirolisis menggunakan katalis zeolit alam yang relatif mudah didapatkan namun menghasilkan banyak senyawa benzena dan toluena. Selain itu katalis Ni/Si juga telah digunakan, walaupun lebih baik daripada zeolit alam namun katalis ini harganya mahal, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis katalis yang harganya murah dan dapat menghasilkan produk minyak dengan senyawa benzena dan toluena yang relatif kecil akibat dari perengkahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengecilan ukuran styrofoam, sebanyak 130 gr katalis dimasukan ke dalam reaktor pirolisis selama 120 menit, kemudian katalis silika ditambahkan ke dalam reaktor. Pada variabel berat katalis, percobaan dilakukan pada suhu 460 o C dengan variasi berat katalis 0, 13, 26, 39, 52, dan 65 gram. Untuk variabel suhu, percobaan dilakukan dengan berat katalis 26 gram dan variasi suhu 340, 380, 420, 460, 500, dan 540ºC. Dekomposisi sampel diuji dengan metode Thermogravimetri Analyzer (TGA). Pengujian karakteristik dan nilai kalor CHP juga dilakukan pada penelitian ini, dimana karakteristik senyawa cairan hasil pirolisis (CHP) dianalisis dengan Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometer, pengujian kalor terhadap CHP dengan calorimetric bomb. Yield cairan terbesar diperoleh dengan menggunakan berat katalis 26 gr pada suhu 500ºC yaitu 95,65%. CHP yang dihasilkan mengandung senyawa stirena, toluena, aldehid, isopropil benzena, diphenil, alkohol, dan alkana. Dari penelitian ini pirolisis styrofoam dengan katalis silika alumina dapat menghasilkan cairan jenis bahan bakar yang tergolong kategori solar jenis 51.
Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada industri-industri saat ini adalah pengolahan limbah yang tidak sempurna. Salah satu jenis industri yang memerlukan perhatian serta pengolahannya adalah limbah yang mengandung kromium seperti pada industri penyamakan kulit. Limbah penyamakan kulit masih menyisihkan logam-logam berbahaya dalam limbahnya seperti logam berat kromium (Cr). Kromium yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan olahan kulit yang lebih halus. Sekitar 30-40% kromium akan terbawa dalam limbah cair penyamakan. Tingginya kadar kromium yang tersisa dan terbawa dalam limbah dapat menyebabkan toksisitas akut dan kronis terhadap lingkungan bahkan juga sangat berbahaya terhadap mahluk hidup. Salah satu penanganannya adalah dengan menggunakan metode adsorpsi yang dimana merupakan salah satu metode alternatif dengan berbagai keuntungan yang ada. Biaya penanganan yang relatif murah, proses yang sederhana, dan kemungkinan dapat didaur ulang merupakan beberapa keuntungan dari proses adsorbsi. Selain itu, proses adsorbsi dapat dimaksimalkan dengan menggunakan adsorben yang memiliki spesifikasi potensi tertentu terhadap penyerapan kromium. Artikel ini me-review perbandingan metode adsorbsi batch dan kontinyu pada proses pengolahan kandungan kromium dalam limbah penyamakan kulit.The waste management issue is one of the biggest problems in the industries recently. Every industry has a high probability of releasing toxic by-product to the environment in the form of waste. One example is in the leather tanning industry. Leather tanning waste still removes harmful metals in its waste, such as heavy metal chromium (Cr). Chromium is used to produce finer skin products. About 30-40% chromium will be carried in the tanning liquid waste. The high chromium levels remaining and carried away in the waste can cause acute and chronic toxicity to the environment and even very harmful to living things. Adsorption is one of the highly recommended methods available to overcome this problem. Relatively low handling costs, simple processes, and the possibility of being recycled are some of the adsorption process's advantages. In addition, the adsorption process can be maximized by using adsorbents that have specific potential specifications for chromium absorption. This article reviews batch and continuous adsorption methods in the processing of chromium content in tannery waste.
The colorant that is often used in the textile industry is methylene blue which is a cationic heterocyclic aromatic compound. This compound is very stable and is difficult to decompose naturally leading to environment in large concentrations. Therefore, a waste treatment technology to reduce the concentration of dye waste in water becomes importannt. So far, adsorption method with activated carbon remains the most efficient and effective technique in removing dyes from liquid waste due to its relatively large adsorption capacity. Activated carbon is one of the non-metallic mineral commodities or multipurpose industrial minerals, one of which is as an adsorbent or adsorbent media. This study aims to determine the potential of activated carbon in adsorbing methylene blue with variations in the concentration of methylene blue and particle size of activated carbon. The procedures in this experiment include, the preparation of activated carbon with size variations (20-60, 60-100 and> 100 mesh) and variations in the concentration of methylene blue (15 ppm, 30 ppm and 45 ppm) with contact time (0 to 180 minutes). From the results of the study, it was found that the smaller the size of activated carbon used, the greater the adsorption capacity, ie at mesh size> 100 mesh, the adsorption capacity was 9.8%. Whereas, the smaller the concentration of methylene blue, the activated carbon could work optimally at a concentration of 15 ppm at 30 minutes with adsorption capacity as high as 100%.Keywords: adsorption; Methylene Blue; activated carbon; concentration; time; particle size
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