No abstract

Triasetin adalah salah satu bioaditif untuk meningkatkan angka oktan pada bahan bakar minyak. Triasetin dihasilkan dari reaksi antara giserol dan asam asetat dimana gliserol dapat diperoleh dari hasil samping pembuatan biodiesel. Sehingga pembuatan triasetin ini dapat mengurangi produk gliserol yang notabene adalah limbah dengan mengubahnya menjadi bioaditif yang memiliki nilai kemanfaatan yang lebih tinggi. Reaksi pembentukan triasetin bisa dipercepat dengan penambahan katalis baik katalis padat ataupun katalis cair. Reaksi triasetin pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan katalis padat jenis Silica Alumina. Reaksi berlangsung dalam reaktor batch labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas, pendingin balik, pengaduk dan alat pengambil sampel. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah variasi waktu reaksi dan suhu reaksi (70, 80, 90, 100, dan 110 0 C). Konsentrasi triasetin yang didapat diketahui melalui analisis Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hasil analisis GC atau GC-MS diolah sehingga mendapatkan konversi gliserol dan selektivitas triasetin. Konversi gliserol tertinggi didapat pada suhu 70 0 C pada waktu reaksi 90 menit sebesar 8,45% dengan selektivitas triasetin mencapai 100%. AbstractTriasetin is a bioaditif to increase the octane number of the gasoline. Triasetin was generated from the reaction between giserol and acetic acid. Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production. Triasetin production can reduce glycerol which is actually a waste by converting it into bioaditif having higher value. The reaction can be accelerated by addition of catalysts either solid or liquid catalyst. The reaction in this study used a solid catalyst types Silica Alumina. The reaction takes place in the threeneck flask reactor which is equipped with heating unit, mixers, and tools to take samples at regular intervals. Variables used in this research is the variety of reaction time and the reaction temperature (70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 0 C). The concentration of triasetin obtained will be known through the analysis of Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the analysis of GC or GC-MS treated or counted so getting glycerol conversion and selectivity of triasetin. The highest glycerol conversion 8,45% occurs at a temperature of 70 0 C the reaction time of 90 minutes with triasetin selectivity 100%.

National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion. This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.

Gambar 5. Grafik berat serbuk kayu mahoni terhadap konsentrasi CH4 pada hasil analisis Dari gambar 5. Didapatkan hasil analisis CH4 pada massa bahan 1,5 kg, 2,5 kg, dan 3,5 kg. Dari data tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pada sampel 1,5 kg memiliki konsentrasi terkecil sebesar 0,666%, sedangkan pada sampel 3,5 kg memiliki konsentrasi tertinggi dalam analisis CH4 sebesar 1,868%. Gambar 6. Grafik berat serbuk kayu mahoni terhadap konsentrasi CO pada hasil analisis Dari Gambar 6. Didapatkan hasil analisis CO pada massa bahan 1,5 kg, 2,5 kg, dan 3,5 kg. CO memiliki peran terbesar dalam menghasilkan gas mampu bakar atau syngas. Dari data tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pada sampel 3,5 kg memiliki konsentrasi terbesar sebesar 15,902%, sedangkan pada sampel 2,5 kg yang memiliki konsentrasi terkecil dalam analisis CO sebesar 8,090%. Gambar 7. Grafik berat serbuk kayu mahoni terhadap konsentrasi H2 pada hasil analisis 72

Biodiesel is one type of biomass as a renewable energy resource. Biodiesel system is a sequential system that can be controlled with a programmable logic controller (PLC) device. Sequential system problems can be solved by making a state diagram that represents the conditions and transitions of the system. Biodiesel system is represented in a state diagram then converted into a ladder diagram as one of the programming languages of a PLC. The method of converting state diagrams into ladder diagrams is structured programming method used by both levels, beginners and experts in running PLCs. The advantage of this method is reliability in detecting errors in the process. The error can be known clearly and structured by programmers. The design of the human-machine interface (HMI) of the biodiesel system in this study was made on CX One software (CXP and CXD) using a PLC type CP1E. System design made based on a state diagram has been successfully tested. In this design, the required memory is 6.5% of the total memory of the PLC CP1E.