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Background: Since insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is the main substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and has been detected to activate phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and promote GLUT4 translocation, the IRS-1 gene is a possible candidate for development of type2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. Preilipin (PLIN) coats intracellular lipid droplets and modulates adipocyte lipolysis. Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Perilipin (PLIN) genes polymorphism were associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and lipid profiles in a sample of the Iranian population (Southeast of Iran). Methods: In this randomized case-control study (Feb, 2016

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Background: This study aimed to investigate Levisticum officinale hydroalcoholic extract (LOHE) effect on both cGMP signaling pathway and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) gene expression pattern and to examine the role of LOHE in apoptosis induction of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Methods: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of LOHE was examined in both cell lines using the MTT assay. Using IC50 values of LOHE on both cells, the type of cell death was detected by flowcytometric analysis. The values of PDE5 and cGMP were evaluated by real-time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Results: The IC50 values were measured as 150 μg/ml for MDA-MB-468 and 200 μg/ml for MCF-7. At 12 hour of treatment, a significant decrease in the PDE5 expression and maximum increase in the amount of intracellular cGMP were observed (p < 0.05). However, these effects were more noticeable in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that LOHE extract could be a potential source for new strategies towards targeting both PDE5 and cGMP signaling pathways.