These results suggest that IL-8 in the esophageal mucosa may be involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal inflammation, including non-erosive GERD.

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Objective: Over-expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can accelerate tissue destruction and disrupt subsequent tissue repair. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model was established to examine the effects of MMP inhibition, by an orally active MMP inhibitor ONO-4847, on colonic inflammation. Materials and methods: Acute colitis was induced in female BALB/c mice by giving 8 % DSS orally in drinking water for 7 days. The animals were randomized into groups receiving different concentrations of ONO-4847 or vehicle by oral gavage every day. mRNA levels of 4 MMPs and a tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1) were measured by RT-PCR in intestinal tissue isolated from mice after DSS administration. Colonic mucosal injury and inflammation were evaluated clinically, biochemically, and histologically. The clinical disease activity index (DAI), including body weight loss, stool consistency, and blood in feces, was examined. Moreover, mucosal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interferon (IFN)-g were determined by immunoassay. Results: The intestinal expression of MMP-3, -7, 9, and -12 and TIMP-1 mRNA was upregulated after DSS administration. Shortening of the colon was significantly reversed by ONO-4847 at a dose of 30 mg/kg. DAI in DSS-treated mice was significantly lower in the ONO-4847-treated mice compared with the control mice. Histological study also showed a reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, and reducedmucosal cell disruption in ONO-4847-treated mice compared with the control mice. The increases in tissue-associated myeloperoxidase activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances after DSS administration were both significantly inhibited by co-administration with ONO-4847. ONO-4847 also inhibited increases in the mucosal TNF-a and IFN-g content after DSS administration. Conclusion: Improvements in DSS colitis in response to ONO-4847 suggest that activation of MMPs contributes to the initiation/amplification of colonic inflammatory injury by mechanisms including oxidative damage as well as enhancement of inflammatory cytokine release.

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