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The characteristic work actions of female shoe manufacturing assembly line workers were analyzed by the records of 8-mm cine-films. The relationship between cervicobrachial disorders and work actions was investigated as a cross-sectional factor control study by using sex-age matched pairs for non-assembly line workers (102 pairs). The following conclusions were obtained:1) The assembly line workers handled about 3,400 sneaker shoes per day on the assembly line. A completed shoe weighed 200-500g.The metal last weighed 400-1,200g. As the lines were not com pletely mechanized, the workers passed shoes to the next worker by hand.2) In the line selected for the study of work actions, 28 female workers and one male worker were engaged. The work direction of the line was one-way (from left to right or vice versa). The actions of the workers were classified into four fundamental actions: i) grasping the shoe or tool, ii) extending or iii) bending of the arms, and iv) keeping the arms in a certain position. These fundamental actions were repeated more than 3,400 times per day by each worker. The time spent in holding a shoe in the left hand was longer than that of the right hand in holding a shoe or tool.3) Results of medical examinations showed a higher prevalence in assembly line workers than that in non-assembly line workers. Especially the prevalence rate of tapping test, pain sensibility test, vi bratory sensibility test, Morley's test, tenosynovitis in the fingers, tendernesses at spinal muscle around the thoracic vertebrae, levator muscle of scapula, trapezius muscle, rhomboid muscle, infraspinatus mus cle, greater pectoral muscle, anterior scalene muscle, thenar eminence, biceps muscle of arm, brachioradial muscle, and antebrachial flexor muscle were found to be different significantly by McNemar's test be tween the two groups. These disorders were appeared in the left shoulder, arm and hand. 4) As the non-assembly line workers were not engaged in compulsory work or in one-way work direction, they injured the right side (skillful 'side). On the contrary, it is considered that compulsory transfer of shoes and one-way work direction imposes a heavier load on the left side of the body in as sembly line workers, and consequently they injured the left side more severely.

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SUMMARYAn adjustable-speed flywheel generator (FWG) can control both active power and reactive power rapidly. We have studied the effect of FWG installation on a largecapacity, long-distance transmission system, especially when the system includes loops. In this paper, we describe the selection of FWG location, the selection of stabilizing control input signal, and the required quantities of FWG. FWG location is selected by a PQ-sensitivity method, calculation of which is simple and permits easy understanding of the effect of both FWGs active and reactive power. As a stabilizing control input signal, we use bus voltage frequency instead of power flow because the flow changes stepwise by opening three-phase single-circuit. Additionally, we clarify the FWG quantities that must be designed, such as FWGs active power and reactive power. We considered FWGs slip to determine the quantity because the capacity of the exciter depends on slip. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(2): 3241, 1999

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