Summary of the Observation The symptoms caused by the destruction of amygdaloid complex in man are: intensification of the anger impulse, changefulness and infantization of emotion and behavior, and increase of friendliness in the emotional aspect; polyphrasia, hyperkinesis, acceleration of psychomotor activity, phagomanic and heterophagous tendency, and want for water, and in two cases such abnormal oral behavior as spitting, and the arcentuation of the sexual impulse in behavioral aspect. In three cases erroneous recognition both of persons and objects nas observed. As these symptoms were entirely absent prior to the operation, being evidently independent from and unrelated to the schizophrenic symptoms, it may rightly be interpreted as the symptoms directly caused by the surgical attack on the amygdaloid complex. These symptoms, of course, varied according to the poatoperative course and circumstances, also never uniform in all the five cases. However, we shall outline below the course of the changes in symptoms for convenience's sake Immediately after the operation the patients under dim consciousness would like to try pulling the bandage off or rolling back and forth on the bed throwing up their four limbs so violently that in same cases it was necessary to tie up the patients to their beds. The dimness of consciousness gets reduced rather rapidly. resuming normality within 3 days at the latest. The first symptoms to be noticed after the operation are polyphrasia and hyperkinesis, the patients are extremely hyperactive violently resisting any effort to stop them. They are talkative, their speech suggests mostly a disconnected, illogicol trend of thought pretty characteristic of schizophrenia. Sometimes they complain about their bodily discomfort such as headache. As in Case 4, the patients sometimes present rather manifest schizophrenic taints than prior to the operation. But in this stage food intake is not yet the major subject of talk, the appetite is still weak. It is about this time that the outrageous tendency and emotional and behavioral changeablenesa gets more pronounced, the patients grow extremely susceptive of stimulation. They fall in rage by trifle chances, very often getting nearly delirous. Gradually they resume a more composed state of mind, though still there persist changeableness of mood and tendency to burstout into anger, while speech and behavior of the patients remain childish even then, they act all like spoilt children. In this stage the patients grow more controllable, more capable to be diverted from anger through effort to calm down or fulfillment of desire. From the 3 rd to 4th day asking for refreshments, cigarettes and water becomes marked, they ask for such things untiringly. They never cease asking by every chance to perceive them until they succeed However, what is interesting about it is that they ask nothing but such luxuries as cigarettes and refreshments, the kind that will not likely be able to fill an empty stomach. The amount that they actually “eat” is never large; ...

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There is no doubt that it is extremely important to investigate on the reactions of various neurons in the motor cortex including the cortical neurons with descending pyramidal tract fibers to electrical stimulation, if one wishes really to understand the significance of activities of those neurons. As to the study on motor cortex of warm-blo3ded animal by means of microelectrode technique, not only extracellular recording, which has been quite fruitful, but also intracellular recording is technically possible though not without some difficulty ; and thanks lo this method the neuronal mechanisms in this region havz recently been more and more clearly elucidated. Particularly, since the cells of the cortical neurons with descending pyramidal tract fibers are large enough to be rather easily recorded intracellularly, and can be clearly identified through medullary pyramidal antidromic stimulation I Phillips, '55 a, '59 ' , the characteristics of those neurons have been better elucidated by investigating the effects of stimulation on the cortical surface 1 Phillips, '56 b, Byanch and Afavtin,'58 , specific relay nuclei of the thalamus Li, '56, '57, Branch and lWartiii, 18, .4sanz(nza, '59 I , callosal fibers 1 ilsanuina and Okanzoto, '59 I , peripheral nerves I Li, '59, A4saizuma '591, etc. Recently we have performed both electrical and chemical stimulation experiments on the unitary activities not only of the neurons with descending pyramidal tract fibers but also some other neurons in cat's motor cortex ' Sawu. nilamycznza, Hanai and Kaji, '59 a , and also attempted an elucidation on the neuronal mechanism of epileptic seizures as our special undertaking 'Sazcia, Maruyama. Hanai and Kaji, 'i9b1, the results of which will be reported in detail in separate papers. What we are to give here are some further contributory reports conzerning the nature of the neurons with descending pyramidal tract fibers and a few new findings concerning some other neurons to medullary pyramidal electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the above experiments helped us to have some insight in the analysis of the evoked potentials thereof. ' iMethods 15 adult ~x t ? n e r c USVCI.