In this paper an alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm that is an improvement of the traditional PARAFAC algorithm without any constraints is described as an alternative algorithm for decomposition of three‐way data arrays. It is based on an alternating least squares principle and an improved iterative procedure that, in a real trilinear sense, uses the Moore–Penrose generalized inverse with singular value decomposition. Its performance is compared with that of the traditional PARAFAC algorithm by a series of Monte Carlo simulations with different noise levels. It was found that the ATLD algorithm has a capability to converge faster than the traditional PARAFAC algorithm. The ATLD‐based second‐order calibration retains the second‐order advantage that calibration in the presence of unknown interferents can be performed to provide satisfactory concentration estimates. Both algorithms have been used for simultaneous determination of overlapped chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons measured by means of a high‐performance liquid chromatograph with a diode array detector. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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We present a rapidly neutralizable and highly anticoagulant thrombin-binding aptamer with a short toehold sequence, originally discovered by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) with microbead-assisted capillary electrophoresis (MACE). MACE is a novel CE-partitioning method for SELEX and able to separate aptamers from a library of unbound nucleic acids, where the aptamer and target complexes can be detected reliably and partitioned with high purity even in the first selection cycle. Three selection rounds of MACE-SELEX discovered several TBAs with a nanomolar affinity (K d = 4.5–8.2 nM) that surpasses previously reported TBAs such as HD1, HD22, and NU172 (K d = 118, 13, and 12 nM, respectively). One of the obtained aptamers, M08, showed a 10- to 20-fold longer prolonged clotting time than other anticoagulant TBAs, such as HD1, NU172, RE31, and RA36. Analyses of the aptamer and thrombin complexes using both bare and coated capillaries suggested that a large number of efficient aptamers are missed in conventional CE-SELEX because of increased interaction between the complex and the capillary. In addition, the toehold-mediated rapid antidote was designed for safe administration. The efficient aptamer and antidote system developed in the present study could serve as a new candidate for anticoagulant therapy.