Serum T and E2 had significant positive correlation with measured PV especially in larger prostates. This result seems to correspond with the conventional theory that T and E2 have an etiological effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia. DHEAS did not show direct correlation with PV, however it appeared to suppress the role of T and E2 on benign prostatic hyperplasia growth. DHEAS might be a key to understanding the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia with aging.

It was thought that serum beta-carotene and smoking are associated with the development of BPH.

A survey was performed on 277 cases of bladder tumor including 221 males and 56 females (3.9:1), treated in the Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. The result was as follows. The age distribution was from 24 to 86 years old with the average of 65.7. Histologically, 2 cases were diagnosed as transitional cell papilloma, 53 cases as transitional cell carcinoma G1, 111 cases as G2, 88 cases as G3, 16 cases as GX, 5 cases as squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases as adenocarcinoma. As to the relationship between the grade and the stage, all cases of papilloma or G1 were superficial, while 7.2% of G2 and 45.5% of G3 were invasive, showing a close correlation. As to the relationship of cystoscopic findings and the stage, invasive tumors occupied 1.7% of tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, 16.7% of those 1 to 3 cm, 48.0% of 3 to 5 cm and 41.7% of more than 5 cm in diameter. Also 7.1% of papillary pedunculated tumors, 57.1% of non-papillary pedunculated, 21.7% of papillary sessile and 53.5% of non-papillary sessile were invasive. Thus cystoscopic findings of tumors correlated with the stage. The 5 year survival rates were 61.7% in all cases, 81.4% in pTa, 70.5% in pT1, 58.7% in pT2, 50.0% in pT3a, 32.6% in pT3b and 25.0% in pT4. The stage of tumors reflected the prognosis well. Careful cystoscopy and accurate grading were thought to be helpful for correct staging and for choosing a suitable treatment.

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