Objective: To confirm the effect of a square-edged, closed endocapsular equator ring (E-ring) for preventing posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after cataract extraction. Methods: Fifty-one eyes underwent cataract surgery associated with E-ring implantation between October 2002 and March 2008. Group 1 included 14 patients (14 eyes) who received an E-ring and intraocular lens (IOL) in 1 eye before March 2006. Their fellow eyes received only an IOL as controls. Group 2 included 23 patients (37 eyes) who received an E-ring and IOL in 1 or both eyes after March 2006 and another 37 age-matched control eyes with only IOL implants. After cataract removal, the E-ring (1.0 mm wide and thick and 9.0 or 9.5 mm long) was implanted in the capsule and an IOL was fixed in the ring. In the control eyes, only an IOL was implanted. The follow-up periods were 2 to 7 years. The PCO value was determined using the Hayashi method. Results: Two years postoperatively in group 1, the PCO value in the central area of the eyes with an E-ring was significantly lower than in the controls (4.4 vs 11.4, respectively; P=.005). No eyes with an E-ring required Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy postoperatively compared with 23 of 51 control eyes (45%). The posterior capsule in the eyes with an E-ring remained transparent without touching the IOL optic. The 9.5-mm ring fit all eyes. Conclusion: The 9.5-mm E-ring, which fit all eyes, prevented PCO in human eyes 2 to 7 years postoperatively.

The design and technique were extremely uncomplicated. The main drawbacks were the long incision line under the eyebrow, a slightly slimmer eyebrow and postoperative brow drop. However, all incision lines faded almost completely by 6 months postoperatively, and brow drop was not problematic in bilateral surgeries. This procedure does not replace the current popular procedure for lid crease formation. However, general ophthalmologists can perform the current simple procedure to remove excess wrinkles from the upper lids of elderly patients.

Double infection with two interferon (IFN)-sensitive strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV), HSV-1(17syn)and HSV-2(UW268), showed reduced inhibition of virus growth by IFN. Intertypic recombinants with IFN resistance were obtained from the doubly infected cultures. These results indicate that HSV IFN resistance is controlled by at least two genetic regions. Restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated that the recombinants were similar to HSV-2 in their genomic structure but the BamHI-A, BglII-I and BglII-N fragments of HSV-2 were commonly lost in the recombinants, suggesting that any of these fragments could be associated with HSV-2 IFN resistance. We cloned these fragments and BamHI-

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