The present cohort analysis showed that weekend rehabilitation for hip fracture patients can lead to functional recovery and reduce the length of stay. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1143-1146.

Aim To test the hypothesis that hip fracture patients who receive occupational therapy (OT) have better functional ability than those who do not. Methods This retrospective observational study utilized data from the Japan Rehabilitation Database spanning 2005–2015. In‐hospital hip fracture patients admitted to acute hospitals were identified. In total, 1266 patients were eligible based on the exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency. Results Patients who received OT were 50.9% of hip fracture patients. Patients who received OT had significantly higher scores in motor FIM efficiency (mean 0.79 vs 0.70; P = 0.02) and FIM effectiveness (mean 0.49 vs 0.41; P < 0.01) than the patients who did not receive OT. From multivariate linear regression analysis, OT was identified as a significant factor in motor FIM efficiency (coefficient 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.47; P < 0.01) and FIM effectiveness (coefficient 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.12; P < 0.01). Conclusions The present cohort analysis showed that OT for hip fracture patients in the acute phase likely contributes to improved functional ability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 611–615.

Our data suggest that preoperative rehabilitation after hip fracture is associated with better rehabilitation outcomes than no preoperative rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1003-1008.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes behavioral problems and difficulties with school work, but the specific factors associated with difficulty in returning to school after TBI still remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with difficulty in returning to school within 1 year of injury in students with traumatic brain injury. This study is a secondary analysis of existing data sets. We recruited patients aged 16 years in the United States with a primary rehabilitation diagnosis of TBI registered in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database. We compared variables between the students who returned to school and those who did not return to school. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed focused on traumatic brain injury severity. We excluded those were received <10 years of schooling, and 309 eligible students were identified for the analysis. Of these, 246 (80%) did not return to school within 1 year of injury. There were fewer cases of severe TBI in the group of students who returned to school than in the group who did not return to school (29% vs 44%, P = 0.03). The duration of rehabilitation was significantly longer in the group who returned to school than in the group who did not return to school (mean days 40 vs 29, P = 0.001), and a subgroup analysis showed in the severe traumatic brain injury group (mean days 46 vs 29; P = 0.02) and the non-severe traumatic brain injury group (mean days 37 vs 26; P = 0.02) similar results. Insufficient amount of rehabilitation was associated with difficulty in returning to school in students after TBI, regardless of the severity of the injury.

Objective To investigate the impact of the number of drugs on rehabilitation outcomes for patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Hospital‐based database created by the Japan Medical Data Center. Participants Patients with acute traumatic brain injury admitted between April 2014 and November 2017. Methods Analysis of relationships among 1‐5 and ≥ 6 drugs as well as clinical outcomes in 2603 patients. Main Outcome Measurements The primary outcome was defined as the Barthel index efficiency, and the secondary outcome was Barthel index gain and length of hospital stay. Results Median Barthel index score on admission was 40. Barthel index efficiency and Barthel index gain were significantly higher in the group that had taken 1‐5 drugs than in the group that had taken ≥6 drugs on admission (median: 1.19 vs 0.50, 20.0 vs 10.0). Also, the group that had taken 1‐5 drugs had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay than in the group that had taken ≥6 drugs on admission (median 11.0 vs 14.0). Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis showed that having taken ≥6 drugs on admission was independently associated with Barthel index efficiency, Barthel index gain, and length of stay. Conclusions Taking≥6 drugs for acute traumatic brain injury was associated with lower Barthel index efficiency, lower Barthel index gain, and longer length of stay than taking 1‐5 drugs.