A separator is prepared from the resulting mixture of hybrid polymer electrolyte polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (70%) and Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) (30%) immersed in the solution of the combination of polymethyl (methacrylate) and lauroyl chitosan (PLC), for supercapacitor application. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted twice at normal temperature in an interval of Seven days with very high electrical conductivity of to be 6.42 × 10 -4 S·cm -1 and 1.84 × 10 -4 S·cm -1 within these intervals respectively and very low resistance. The supercapacitor was then fabricated using a Commercially Prepared Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (CPMWCNT) which was sized to an area of 3.5 cm 2 and assembled in an innovative supercapacitor tester. The result indicates a relatively high efficiency of about 90% and also exhibited long and excellent cycleability of life time (>1000 cycles) under different voltage windows.

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) has drawn great attention nowadays, particularly in the field of science and applied science, specifically, those used as separators in industries and researchers for the assemblage of some "classified batteries" and super capacitors. In this report, we present the grandeur of this SPE (pure type), particularly at room temperature, such that, it can be applied as an electrolyte as well as a separator in supercapacitor fabrication. The SPEs were produced from the composition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), such that, the PVA samples were kept constant while the phosphoric acid was varied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt. %. After the experimentation, the pure polymers show excellent results in term conductivity, in that, it has recorded a conductivity as high as 2.56 x 10 -3 Scm -1 at the compositions of 70 wt. %. Aside that, we also observed that, the bulk moduli (R b ) value decreases with the increase in concentration, with pure solid polymer electrolyte (PSPE) recording 2.5 Ω at the highest composition of 70 wt. %.

The nobility of solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) has made them a subject of interest, especially in the arena of science and technology, and most importantly as they are used as separators in industries and by researchers for the assembly of some "few battery types" and supercapacitors. This paper, highlights the nobility of the hybrid solid polymer electrolyte (HSPE), particularly at room temperature such that, it can be used as an electrolyte as well as a separator in supercapacitor fabrication. The hybrid SPEs were produced from the composition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4), where the PVA samples were kept constant while the phosphoric acid concentration was varied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt. %. XRD results show that, the crystallinity decreases as the acid concentration increases and consequently, there is an enhancement in the amorphicity of the samples responsible for the process of ion transport. This characteristic behavior was confirmed by the analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry results. FESEM result pictured the entangling nature of the combined samples. High conductivity of 1.67 x 10-3. Scm-1 was recorded for the HSPE at the composition of 70:30 wt. %. It was also noticed that, the bulk modulus, R b of the HSPE (5.73 Ω) at the aforementioned composition decreases with the increase in concentration. Keywords: hybrid solid polymer electrolyte (HSPE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis Polymer Electrolytes (SSPE):-In SSPE, solvents, both aqueous and non-aqueous swells the host polymer live PVA. So, the dopant ionic solutes such as H 3 PO 4 is hosted in the swollen lattice thereby permitting the motion of ions in the solvent swollen region of the polymer host. Their conductivity depends on the concentration of the solvent in the region that is being swollen (Ulaganathan et al., 2012). And lastly (iii) the Solvent Free Polymer Electrolytes (SFPE): These are polymer salt complex, which is formed by complexes between salts of alkali metals and polymer containing solvating hetroatoms, example; O, S and N (Ulaganathan et al., 2012). The complexation between poly ethylene oxide (PEO) and alkali metal salts is a good example of SFPE. SFPE are sub-classified into three also. They are; (a) Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs), (b) Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), and (c) Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) (Kuo et al., 2013; Tripath et al., 2012). GPEs can be simply regarded as plasticizers incorporated polymer-salt complex (Ulaganathan et al., 2012). They are therefore consisted of a liquid electrolytes immobilized in a polymer matrix (Hashmi, 2013a) and exhibits high ionic conductivity (10 −3 to 10 −4 Scm −1 at ambient temperature) and can be obtained by either loading of a liquid electrolyte in a microporous matrix or by increasing the viscosity of a liquid electrolyte through the addition of a soluble polymer until gel consistency www.ccsenet.org/...

Supercapacitors with nanostructured activated carbon electrodes from natural precursors have sparked huge attention due to its great stability of cycle as well as low cost and excellent performance. In this study, activated carbon was produced from desiccated coconut residue by chemical activation with KOH. The supercapacitor was characterized in a supercapacitor configuration by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge with potential window of 1V and current loads of 1A/g. Supercapacitor electrodes prepared from desiccated coconut residue exhibited excellent specific capacitance of 83 F/g.