The Reporting on Palm Oil Issues in Online Newspaper Headlines: A Pragmatic Analysis ABSTRACT Over a decade, the production of palm oil by Malaysia faces challenges from the European Union countries. They accused that the production of palm oil has caused a hazard to the environment, the extinction of orang utan and exploitation of labourers. In return, Malaysian newspapers have written many articles in clearing the accusations. This study aims to analyze the headlines on palm oil used in online Malay newspapers from the perspective of pragmatics. The pragmatic analyses focus on the speech act used in the headlines. The news on palm oil reported in online newspapers is selected from the year 2017 to 2020. Data are obtained from three online newspapers namely Malaysiakini (malaysiakini.com), Berita Harian (bharian.com.my) and Harian Metro (hmetro.com.my). A total of 70 data on palm oil issues are gathered randomly and has been analyzed using Searle Speech Act Taxonomy (1979). The finding shows that the reporters used four types of speech acts that are assertive, directive, commissive and expressive as a tool in achieving the intended meaning and as a source in conveying messages to the audience pertaining to the palm oil issues in Malaysia. It is apparent that from the four types mentioned above, the assertive act is most frequently used in the headlines. It fits the purpose of the assertiveness feature in reporting news or disseminating information on palm oil to the readers. Keywords: Pragmatics, headlines, palm oil, online newspapers, performative.

Kajian ini meneliti fungsi komunikasi melalui lakuan tutur yang disampaikan oleh pengguna media sosial melalui ruangan/ aktiviti kemas kini status (update status). Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada media sosial iaitu facebook dengan anggapan medium ini merupakan rangkaian sosial secara online yang paling popular dalam kalangan pengguna media sosial. Dalam media sosial, ruangan dan pengemaskinian status aktiviti harian dianggap sebagai rutin oleh individu untuk berkomunikasi dengan jaringan sosial mereka. Ruang status dianggap sebagai jurnal personal yang mana individu merakamkan apa sahaja aktiviti, peristiwa dan pengalaman yang berlaku kepada mereka dan persekitaran mereka pada setiap hari. Dengan berbuat demikian, individu akan menggunakan pelbagai jenis lakuan bahasa. Maka konteks bagi aktiviti pengemaskinian status adalah forum rangkaian sosial dan aktiviti menulis serta mengemas kini status merupakan satu lakuan sosial (social action) yang menggunakan bahasa bagi melaksanakan sesuatu lakuan. Bahasa yang digunakan untuk mengungkap pelbagai emosi dan perasaan, memulakan perbahasan atau menghina seseorang merupakan lakuan tutur iaitu ujaran digunakan untuk melakukan sesuatu. Justeru, kajian ini akan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dengan mengambil sampel 'posting status' dan analisis berdasarkan kerangka lakuan tutur Searle (1969). Kajian ini mendapati status yang dihantar bukan sahaja menunjukkan kategori khusus lakuan tutur namun kebanyakan status menunjukkan kategori gabungan beberapa lakuan tutur dalam satu status. Kategori lakuan tutur yang ditemui dalam ruangan status facebook ialah representatif, ekspresif dan E

Generation Z is a generation of technology. They are said to show very little verbal communication skills. They are relatively weak in terms of expression, verbal communication, confidence and interpersonal skills. Among the weaknesses that are commonly mentioned is that the younger generation find it quite "difficult" to express "thank you" in their daily life as it is not considered an important matter. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the strategy of thanking speech acts among the Malay Generation Z. The speech act of thanking expresses feelings of gratitude, appreciation and indebtedness for a gift, offer or help given by a person. This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) questionnaire. In this approach, counts are performed to indicate which thanking strategies occur more in number and frequency. DCT contains five questions based on three different situations, namely receiving a gift, receiving help and receiving an award. These situations are also differentiated in terms of participant relationships based on social distance and social status. The questionnaire was distributed to 212 respondents representing Generation Z, namely Form 4 and Form 6 students as well as university students. Additionally, the data were analyzed based on a modified version of the classification of gratitude expressions by Cheng (2005), which comprised eight gratitude strategies. The study found that in displaying grateful actions, Generation Z more often used a direct or explicit strategy when using the words "thank you" or "thank you very much". The results also showed that Malay Generation Z is still aware and know how to perform acts of gratitude when faced with situations that require responses of gratitude.

ABSTRAKDeiksis melibatkan hubungan antara struktur bahasa dengan konteks bahasa yang diujarkan (Huang, 2007, hlm. 13). Kajian-kajian mengenai deiksis yang pernah dilakukan oleh sarjana tempatan lebih tertumpu kepada bahasa orang Asli dan kajian teks iklan. Antaranya Kajian Kamila (2006) Huang (2007). Makalah ini mendapati DKKS mengandungi kategori deiksis perorangan yang diungkapkan melalui kata ganti nama diri (GND) dan penggunaan vokatif yang diungkap melalui kata panggilan. DKKS juga mempamerkan kategori deiksis masa, dan deiksis reruang. Selain itu, kajian ini menunjukkan kategori deiksis sosial berkait rapat dengan deiksis perorangan iaitu berkenaan kodifikasi status sosial bagi penutur, pendengar atau orang ketiga atau entiti yang dirujuk begitu juga bentuk hubungan sosial antara peserta yang terlibat dalam perbualan. Analisis deiksis dialek Kedah telah menunjukkan kategori dan fungsi elemen deiksis. Dalam DKKS, penggunaan elemen-elemen diektik juga menimbulkan multifungsi. Secara keseluruhan, analisis ini juga memberi gambaran tentang sosio-budaya dan budi bahasa dalam percakapan sebagaimana dipamerkan oleh peserta deiksis DKKS.Katakunci: deiksis; dieksis perorangan; dieksis masa; dieksis reruang; dieksis sosial Analysis of Kedah's Dialect Deixis ABSTRACTDeixis is directly concerned with the relationship between the structure of a language and the context in which the language is used (Huang, 2007). The previous studies on deixis by local scholars focused on indigenous languages and advertisement texts. Notably that of Kamila (2006), who studied person deixis and space deixis (ini, itu, di sini and di situ) in Mah Meri. Burenhult (2004) also examined the spatial deixis in Jahai language in Hulu Perak, while Mohammad Fadzeli (2009) described the ambiguity of person, time and spatial deixis contained in a housing advertisement text. Based on these observation, studies that put forward Malay dialect in investigating deixis are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study

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