Evaluating athletes’ knowledge of and attitudes toward sports-related concussions is important. However, there is limited research involving South Asian athletes, partly due to the lack of a valid and reliable tool. This study, therefore, aimed to translate and validate the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version, an established tool used to measure knowledge and attitude toward concussion, into Urdu. Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version was translated into Urdu using the standard guidelines and then completed by 369 athletes participating in contact sports at different universities in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the Concussion Attitude Index items to examine the underlying factorial structure. Construct validity of Concussion Attitude Index factors was also investigated using convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that the Urdu version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Urdu-speaking athletes’ knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions.

With greater socio-economic development and the popularization of scientific child-rearing methods, education has become of primary importance in contemporary society. This study attempts to promote the physical and mental health of preschoolers and improve their comprehensive learning ability. To understand the impact of sports skills and Physical Education (PE) on preschoolers’ physical and mental health, we utilized the Questionnaire Survey (QS) and expert evaluation. First, the development of sports skills and the basic connotation of sports were expounded. Second, the characteristics of preschoolers and the importance of preschool education were discussed. Finally, the physical and mental health of 60 preschoolers was evaluated based on physical skill development and sports. The results revealed that the respondent preschoolers were grouped reasonably, and the research results had high reference values. In the control group, the physical conditions of four preschoolers changed significantly in the best case. By comparison, in the experimental group, preschoolers with significant physical changes had reached nine at best. In addition, as high as nine respondents showed obvious improvement in their mental state in the best case. Therefore, this study demonstrates that physical skill development and PE significantly impact preschoolers’ physical and mental health, which has an important impact on preschoolers’ learning. This finding provides a reference for preschoolers’ sports skills development and contributes to their comprehensive PE teaching.

According to WHO (World Health Organization) globally, obesity has almost tripled between 1975 and 2016. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of mobile technology on weight loss in females. These days’ social media has a huge impact on youngsters, and they tend to use different apps on their cell phones. Mobile apps to lose weight are an interactive tool for weight management. These mobile apps provide a calculator for calorie intake and energy expenditure to attain goals of weight loss. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise mobile apps on weight reduction. Forty female participants from Physical Education Classes (N=40) have voluntarily participated in this research. The data was analyzed through age, height, and weight. The statistical test paired t-test was used to check average weight differences after the implementation. The results of the current study showed a significant difference in the weights of females.

It has been established that the benefits of physical activity on physical, psychological and social aspects of humans are substantially correlated with cardiovascular disorders, obesity, cancer, social anxieties and depressions, and enhanced socio-economic profile. In children and adolescents, physical activity has been correlated with academic achievements, social harmony and mental health. Similarly, in adults/old people, physical activity has been of variable benefits, bringing the chances of prolonged healthier lives. Though substantial work has been reported globally, there still is a paucity of literature in Pakistan regarding various aspects of physical activity. The current narrative review was planned to summarise the research work conducted in, or has emanated from, Pakistan in teens/college/school and university students, and adults from Pakistan on associated aspects of physical activity, ---Continue

Evaluating athletes’ knowledge and attitude towards sports-related concussions is important. However, there is limited research involving South Asian athletes, partly due to the lack of a valid and reliable tool. This study, therefore, aimed to translate and validate the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version (RoCKAS-ST), an established tool used to measure knowledge and attitude towards concussion, into Urdu. RoCKAS-ST was translated into Urdu using the standard guidelines and then completed by 369 athletes participating in contact sports at different universities in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the Concussion Attitude Index (CAI) items to examine the underlying factorial structure. Construct validity of CAI factors was also investigated using convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that the Urdu version of RoCKAS-ST is a valid tool for evaluating Urdu-speaking athletes’ knowledge and attitudes towards concussions and is thus suitable for evidence-based concussion awareness interventions.