Scientific literacy is the ability to read, write, and assist in acquiring competencies that are interrelated to learning science effectively. This research aimed to know the construction, characteristics of items, and quality of developed scientific literacy instrument and to measure the ability of scientific literacy of junior high school students in Tarakan city. This research uses the procedure of test development. The research samples for developing the instrument and measuring ability were 733 students obtained from six junior high schools, which determined by purposive sampling. The data were collected by administering the test and documentation. The data analysis use Winsteps and SPSS computer programs. The results demonstrate the instrument which meets scientific literacy was in the form of 40 items of multiple-choice questions and 6 items of essay questions. The content validity of the test instrument was 0.77, and the Cronbach reliability was 0.85. Both of these criteria were in the high category. The ability of scientific literacy of students in Tarakan city in the knowledge and process dimensions were relatively low. In this case, it should be considered that the development of scientific literacy skills needs to be optimized, especially at the samples.

According to WHO (World Health Organization) globally, obesity has almost tripled between 1975 and 2016. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of mobile technology on weight loss in females. These days’ social media has a huge impact on youngsters, and they tend to use different apps on their cell phones. Mobile apps to lose weight are an interactive tool for weight management. These mobile apps provide a calculator for calorie intake and energy expenditure to attain goals of weight loss. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise mobile apps on weight reduction. Forty female participants from Physical Education Classes (N=40) have voluntarily participated in this research. The data was analyzed through age, height, and weight. The statistical test paired t-test was used to check average weight differences after the implementation. The results of the current study showed a significant difference in the weights of females.

Objectives: Parental involvement in sports activities of school-going children is considered as an important factor towards their sports participation. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of parental motivation, parental perception, and parental financial support on the participation of students in sports. Methods: A sample of 387 male students were selected through simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis techniques were applied. Results: The Cronbach's alpha reliability for overall scales was 0.90. The average age of the participants was 15.46 years. The parental motivation level was close to moderate, the parental perception level was below moderate, the parental financial support level was above moderate and the sports participation level was equal to moderate level. All variables were positively and significantly (p<0.01) correlated with each other. Conclusion: Parental financial support had a positive and significant effect on students’ sports participation. Therefore, parents and school management should provide sports equipment, coaching facilities, and a safe environment to improve the students' sports activities for their sound health and mind.

This study aims to describe the frequency of use of cognitive assessment techniques based on the length of the teaching of high school science teachers. The length of teaching indicates experiences that support teacher professionalism. A survey method was conducted on eighteen teachers from three outstanding schools. The research sample was determined purposively. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and data analysis using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the dominant assessment technique used by high school science teachers was the written test, which was an average of 32 times in one semester. The group of teachers with a teaching length of 11 to 20 years used a more diverse range of assessment techniques than groups with other teaching lengths. Descriptively, it can be said that the frequency of use of various cognitive assessment techniques is related to the length of teaching teachers with the tendency to use written tests. However, the conclusions of this study cannot be generalized. Therefore, further research is needed with a representative research sample on the same topic. Besides, teachers and/or researchers can also investigate the combination of using assessment techniques to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of science learning.

The aim of the current study is to examine the coaching leadership behavior preferences at intervarsity level by Pakistani basketball players. A total of 150 players participated in the study. The preferred version of leadership scale for sports (LSS) developed by Chelladurai & Saleh (1980) has been used to investigate the five dimensions of coaching leadership behavior. The statistical test Multivariate analysis is used to check the gender differences in coaching leadership behavior. Distinctly, training and instructions coaching leadership behavior was found most preferred coaching leadership behavior by male and female athletes. The results of the present study will be helpful for the coaches in order to understand about most preferred coaching leadership behavior for the desired results.