The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dietary supplements usage amongst university’s players, in addition to their know-how and players towards sports supplementation. Current study check out the extent of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding using dietary supplements of 100 athletes was administered, which included 88 Males and 12 Females, 20 to 27 years of age from the population of university athletes. The comparison was analyzed by chi-square test to observe the importance of distinction amongst respondents’ notion about the statements of questionnaires. The results calculated through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-25). The outcomes displayed that maximum of the athletes proven the satisfactory knowledge of dietary supplements and the motives for the usage of them; however the outcome of the study suggested that need of inclusive knowledge of players about supplements and under vigilant management showed improvement of University athletes.

The objective of this research was to find the likely importance of variations in aerobic fitness between men volleyball players competing for club and university. The volleyball players must have the capacity to comprehensively display their physical, technical, tactical, and psychological skills. The physical attributes of players have a noticeable impact on both the team's strategy and the players' performance. Players must therefore be physically capable of meeting the demands of the sport. The present study was planned to monitor the cardio-respiratory fitness or aerobic endurance of male volleyball players at the club and university levels and to compare the results. A total number of 60 men volleyball players, aged 19 to 24 years from both clubs and universities participated in this study. To assess each group's level of aerobic fitness, the test that was used is the Harvard step test. Findings demonstrated a difference in club and university players' aerobic fitness of a significant level (p< 0.05). In comparison to club volleyball players, university volleyball players were shown to have superior aerobic fitness.

The aim of the current study is to examine the coaching leadership behavior preferences at intervarsity level by Pakistani basketball players. A total of 150 players participated in the study. The preferred version of leadership scale for sports (LSS) developed by Chelladurai & Saleh (1980) has been used to investigate the five dimensions of coaching leadership behavior. The statistical test Multivariate analysis is used to check the gender differences in coaching leadership behavior. Distinctly, training and instructions coaching leadership behavior was found most preferred coaching leadership behavior by male and female athletes. The results of the present study will be helpful for the coaches in order to understand about most preferred coaching leadership behavior for the desired results.

Imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is termed as oxidative stress. Although low level of ROS are considered beneficial and important for normal functioning of cells. This research study review the available literature about exercise with various intensities and blood redox state. In this regard, data from 2015 to 2022 were collected from different search engines including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google scholar. The collected data were analyzed through qualitative data analysis technique and thus the researcher arrived at conclusion that exercise with moderate intensity having beneficial effects on blood redox state as compared to high intensity exercise.

Iron is an unconditional necessity for nearly everyone's life, together with human being and the majority bacterial groups, both animals and plants utilize iron; therefore, iron is available in a broad diversity of foodstuff resources. For managing Iron Deficiency with maximum absorption and safety Iron Bisglycinate Chelate (Ferrochel) can be used which is Protein Chelated Iron. Weightlifting, likewise termed Olympic-style weightlifting is an athletic sort in the contemporary Olympic package in which the competitor endeavors a greatest weight single lift of a barbell encumbered by means of weight plates. This study was conducted on elite class Weightlifters of Pakistan with an objective to measure the effects of Iron Bisglycinate on increase in muscle strength and power which was measured through the change in lifting best total of weightlifters. A total No. of 40 weightlifters were selected and divided into two groups as experiment and control group and one treated with ferrochel whereas other group with placebo and found a marked change in average lifting best total (21.5Kg) and average blood hemoglobin level (5.09gm/dL) of experiment group in in comparison to control group. On behalf of these results, researchers suggest that there should be proper supplementation of Iron Bisglycinate Chelate to all strength sports players for better outcomes in their strength sports outcomes.