Diets rich in olive oil or palm oil or lard differentially modulate some myokines with anti-inflammatory properties.

Abstract Palm olein (PO) and olive oil (OO) are widely consumed in the world. PO is considered harmful to health, whereas OO is considered healthy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of consumption of these oils on antioxidant status and inflammation in rats. This was an experimental study in male wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver and aortic blood were collected. Plasma was used for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress parameters (Superoxide dismutase -SOD; Gluthation peroxidase - GPx; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS; Thiol groups and isoprostane). The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed in liver homogenate. No significant differences were observed between PO and OO in plasma and liver levels of the studied inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. This study showed that the consumption of PO induces an antioxidant status superimposable to that of OO.   Key words : Palm olein - Olive oil - Oxidative stress - Inflammation - High fat diet

RESUMEL'huile de palme possède des propriétés nutritionnelles parfois méconnues par le personnel médical et paramédical, qui l'accusent d'être athérogène, et donc le déconseillent souvent à certains patients porteurs de pathologies chroniques, telles l'hypertension artérielle, les cardiopathies ischémiques, le diabète. Le présent travail visait à évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques sur les valeurs nutritionnelles de l'huile de palme chez le personnel médical et paramédical, étant donné le rôle de ce personnel dans le conseil diététique de choix des huiles alimentaires chez les patients porteurs de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Le personnel retenu au nombre de 44, était issu de l'Institut de Cardiologie d'Abidjan, et constitué de médecins et des paramédicaux. La connaissance des valeurs nutritionnelles, la consommation de l'huile de palme et le risque cardiovasculaire, les attitudes et pratiques du personnel vis-à-vis de l'huile de palme ont été étudiées. Les tests statistiques utilisés étaient ceux de Khi deux et de Fisher. Le personnel affirmait la présence de la vitamine A (54,5%) dans l'huile de palme, et une grande majorité (81,8%) pensait que l'huile de palme contenait du cholestérol. La consommation d'huile de palme influencerait la survenue de pathologies cardiovasculaires selon 72,7% du personnel. Le personnel déconseillait l'huile de palme brute dans 72,8% des cas et l'huile de palme raffinée dans 63,6%. Face à cette grande méconnaissance sur les constituants de l'huile de palme, il conviendrait d'intensifier la sensibilisation au niveau du personnel de santé quant aux vertus nutritionnelles de l'huile de palme.

Palm oil (crude or refined) and lard are rich in SFA, while olive oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. SFA are considered harmful to health, while polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diets rich in crude PO, refined PO, OO, or lard on the mitochondrial membrane, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This was an experimental study in male Wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were collected. This collection was used to determine membrane potential and ROS production, membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition, citrate synthase activity and respiratory chain complex, cardiolipin synthase protein expression, and expression of selected genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. We found that diets rich in olive oil, palm oil, or lard altered mitochondrial biogenesis by significantly decreasing Pgc1α gene expression and altered the fatty acid composition of rat liver mitochondrial membrane PL.