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In children with IBD, inflammation is an important determinant of bone loss, as shown by the correlation of BMAD with serum IL-6 and with disease activity indexes as well as by the beneficial effect of IFX on bone density. Corticosteroids seem to be a less important variable in pediatric IBD-related BMD reduction than previously believed.

In children with food allergy-related chronic constipation, an increase in both rectal MC density and spatial interactions between MCs and NFs correlates with anal motor abnormalities. These variables are significantly affected by the diet.

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