Patients with a history of mild ischemic stroke had low MVPA and high VFL values, which together may be a risk factor for RIS.

Background Detecting and addressing aspiration early in children with dysphagia, such as those with cerebral palsy, is important for preventing aspiration pneumonia. The current gold standards for assessing aspiration are swallowing function tests, such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and videofluorographic swallowing study; however, the relationship between aspiration of secretion vs aspiration of foodstuff and pulmonary injury is unclear. To clarify this relationship, we examined the correlations between pneumonia findings from chest computed tomography (CT) and the presence or absence of aspiration detected by FEES. Methods Eighty-five children (11 years 2 months ±7 years 2 months) underwent FEES and chest CT. Based on the FEES findings, the participants were divided into groups: with and without food aspiration, and with and without saliva aspiration. Correlations between chest CT findings of pneumonia and the presence or absence of each type of aspiration were then examined. Results No significant correlations were observed between food aspiration and chest CT findings of pneumonia, whereas saliva aspiration and chest CT findings of pneumonia were significantly correlated. In addition, saliva aspiration was significantly associated with bronchial wall thickening ( p < 0.01) and atelectasis ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings in children suggest that: (1) the presence or absence of food aspiration detected by FEES evaluation has little correlation with pneumonia, and (2) the presence or absence of saliva aspiration may be an indicator of aspiration pneumonia risk.

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AimThis study aimed to validate the revised Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH) to measure sedentary activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The proposed scale could be useful for transplantation nurses to assess and modify sedentary lifestyles and increase physical activity.MethodsThe SQUASH was modified to include items on sitting time and light‐intensity physical activity (LPA‐SQUASH). A pilot study was conducted with 20 liver transplant patients, and an expert panel validated the scale contents. Then, post‐liver‐transplant outpatients at a Japanese university hospital participated in the main study (September–October 2020), in which questionnaires were mailed twice to assess test–retest reliability, and accelerometers used to establish criterion validity. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for test–retest reliability. Spearman correlations and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess validity and measurement error.ResultsIn total, 173 participants returned the questionnaires, and 106 and 71 completed the reliability and validation studies, respectively. The range of LPA‐SQUASH correlation coefficients for test–retest was .49–.58. ICCs ranged from .72 to .80 for items other than leisure. Accelerometer data and the LPA‐SQUASH total physical activity amount and light‐intensity physical activity correlated moderately.ConclusionWe modified the SQUASH, which was developed to measure physical activity in healthy adults, to assess light‐intensity physical activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The LPA‐SQUASH showed acceptable validity and reliability. The questionnaire may be used by transplantation nurses to examine light‐intensity physical activity content/duration, deliver patient education considering patients' sedentary lifestyle, and facilitate goal setting for physical activity interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome.

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