Background: Communication skills are of top priority for health care provider's professional traits and communication is an essential part of the midwifery care. Many studies of midwifery and midwifery students' communication skills are poor and average. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of communication skills training through the Calgary Cambridge model on communication skill among midwifery students. Methods: This randomized controlled field trial was conducted in 2018. Thirty midwifery students were recruited using conventional sampling method from Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Then subjects was assigned into two experimental and control groups by stratified random allocation method. Initially, their communication skill was assessed using Queendom scale. Participants in the experimental group received communication skills training based on Calgary-Cambridge model in four four-hour sessions held twice weekly. The control group did not receive any intervention. Communication skill in both control and experimental groups was re-assessed respectively four weeks after pretest. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the independent-sample t test and the paired-sample test in SPSS-16 software. Results: The pretest mean scores of communication skill in the experimental and the control groups were respectively 122.43±9.40 and 122.29±7.81, with no significant between-group difference. At post-test, the mean score of communication skill in the experimental and the control groups was respectively 122±8.06 and 120±8.08 and the between-group difference was not significant (P=0.51). Conclusion: Communication skills training through Calgary-Cambridge model is not effective in significantly improving midwifery students' communication skill. Therefore, to improve communication skills, this model is insufficient and may need to be modified, or it is necessary to add more intervention to this model. Checklist, Calgary-Cambridge Observation Model, Patient-centered Clinical Method, Segue framework for teaching and assessing communication skills (SEGUE) and Four-habits Model (15). There is a great deal of emphasis today on models based on mutuality based models, including Calgary-Cambridge Observation Model. Calgary-Cambridge Guide-Based communication skills training has integrated the mutuality model best by providing health services ( 16). In this model, the physician and the patient play a participatory and active role in the biography process. This provides a collaborative structure for decision making and determining a treatment plan. Since this model uses both patient and physician views and information, both are satisfied and patient compliance increase with the treatment plan (16). Calgary-Cambridge Observation Model was designed in 1996 by Kurtz from the

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Background Sex dialogue is one of the most critical and challenging topics between mothers and adolescents. The knowledge and skills of mothers in sex dialogue with their daughters are essential. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of group counseling based on communication skills on mothers through their sex dialogue with their daughters. Methods A randomized controlled field trial was conducted on 168 couples of mothers and their daughters selected by the stratified matching method and randomly divided into two control and intervention groups. The mothers in the intervention group participated in a communication-based consultation in groups consisting of 6-12 people for 6-7 weekly sessions, each one lasting 60 min. The data collection tool was a Persian-translated questionnaire by Jaccard for sex dialogue between mother and daughter. The data were analyzed using Chi-square (χ2), ANOVA with repeated measures and modified post hoc Bonferroni tests. Results There was a significant difference in the mean score of mother-daughter sex dialogue 1 week after intervention between the intervention (34.48 ± 8.74) and control (40.44 ± 9.49) groups (p = 0.001) and 1 month after the intervention between the intervention (30.41 ± 10.07) and control (42.47 ± 9.62) groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion Through applying communication skills, an increase in mother-daughter sex dialogue frequency was observed after group counseling. Therefore, it is suggested to promote mother-daughter communication skills by accessing the mothers via schools, health centers and with the aid of midwifery counselors, midwives and other trained caretakers.

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