Designing functional materials as electrode coatings to transduce high-quality information about redox molecules in biofluids is crucial for developing the next-generation medical devices. Rapidly analyzing the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) urinary levels can enable point-of-care testing for neuroendocrine tumors. A novel sensing electrodes array modified with biopolymer chitosan and electrocatalytic carbon nanotube films that can generate crossreactive electrochemical signals from complex biofluids, such as undiluted urine, is presented. By generating cross-reactive signals, the feasibility of quantifying DA levels from unprocessed urine samples is demonstrated. The films' electrochemical activity is characterized and modeled the additive effect of the main redox interferants in urine (norepinephrine and uric acid) on the generated electrochemical signals that overlap and mask the electrochemical signature of DA. Finally, the feasibility of successfully quantifying urinary DA levels is demonstrated by investigating two calibration approaches: 1) using a synthetic solution (1.15 µm root mean squared error (RMSE) and 4.2 µm limitof-detection (LoD) values), and 2) directly using the urine samples (2.5 µm RMSE and 9.3 µm LoD values). The outcome of this work will enhance the understanding of the overlapping and masking electrochemical signatures and their interactions with functional materials, providing better analytical tools to differentiate redox molecules in highly complex biofluids.

In article number 2004146, Hadar Ben-Yoav and co-workers introduce a sensory device that can test unprocessed urine and quantify dopamine levels. By utilizing intelligent chemometric models for fingerprint identification, the device detects and separates overlapping electrochemical signatures in urine to arrive at its solution. Being able to rapidly detect the dopamine levels in urine is highly advantageous for early screening of neuroendocrine tumors.

Schizophrenia Treatment Monitoring Challenges:➢Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a mental disorder that affects more than 23 million people worldwide [1].➢PANSS and BPRS are mental subjective examinations performed by a psychiatrist with final scores that reflect the patient's mental condition.➢Clozapine (CLZ) is considered the most effective antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia [1]. Despite the superior efficacy of CLZ, it is significantly underutilized due to the unavailable objective tests to measure CLZ efficacy, resulting sub-optimal therapy.

Schizophrenia is a challenging mental health disorder [1]. While various antipsychotics have [...]

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