The use of radioactive materials is increasing rapidly all over the world. There is, thus, a clear need in the current global landscape for safe and secure applications of radioactive material. For decades, safety and security have been the nuclear industry's top priorities, particularly in relation to protecting humans from the negative impacts of ionizing radiation. Nuclear security culture prioritizes human safety, but technical guidelines alone can only do so much to protect people. Furthermore, there are still some discrepancies among international guidelines and recommendations regarding the assessment 1 of nuclear safety and security culture-and these protocols primarily target "large" users. This paper assesses the prevailing safety and security culture and the degree to which it is successful in keeping people safe from radioactive materials. The paper also offers some guidance to small users that handle radioactive materials, regarding how they may enhance their own nuclear safety and security cultures.

In 2013 December, the SOMOS Environmental Protection Ltd. and the ELTE Eötvös Publishing Company published a new book dedicated to the safety of nuclear reactors and having analogous title (“Nuclear reactor safety”). For the readers of Academic and Applied Research in Military Science we want to present some considerations for reviewing the book.

The following publication summarizes the short history, fundamentals of Interna- tional Atomic Energy Agency’s Nuclear Security Culture programme in general and provides details of the recommended self-assessment methodology.A preliminary Nuclear Security Culture (NSC) self-assessment is presented on the basis of the 026 Nuclear Security Technical Document (NST) Draft in a special case of a radioactive material associated facility. Besides the purposes described in the 026 NST Draft, to test the level of the NSC level inside the facility and the problems, the roots of the problems and possible conclusions in it, the main goal was to test the conformance of the guidance itself and the preparedness and attitude about the security self-assessment of the facility. Even though the direct answers and the results are not allowed to be publicized, the conclusions will be instructive for associated facilities as well as for competent authorities.