Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
A perda e fragmentação de habitats naturais são as principais causas do declínio da biodiversidade, e mamíferos terrestres de médio e grande porte estão entre os taxa mais afetados por estes processos, pois apresentam baixas taxas de reprodução, grandes áreas de vida e sofrem com a pressão de caça. Neste estudo apresentamos a lista de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte que ocorrem no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) e comparamos com a fauna da região. O campus da UFLA está localizado no sul de Minas Gerais em uma região de transição entre o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica. As espécies foram registradas por meio de parcelas de areia, armadilhas fotográficas e observações casuais no campus da UFLA. Foram registradas 20 espécies nativas e quatro domésticas de mamíferos, distribuídas em nove ordens e 14 famílias. A espécie Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) teve a maior frequência de registros (48%) e a ordem Carnivora teve a maior riqueza de espécies (45%). Apesar de o campus da UFLA estar inserido em uma região altamente fragmentada, a riqueza encontrada representa 80% das espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte conhecidas para o município de Lavras e 55,5% para a região do sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Assim, a contribuição do campus está em manter as manchas de habitat, aumentando a viabilidade populacional dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte na região, tornando-se necessário efetivar a conectividade dos remanescentes florestais e controlar animais domésticos que vivem livres no campus, afim de reduzir os impactos na fauna nativa.
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