Background: Neural tuberculosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bearing in mind that neural tuberculosis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and results in significant morbidity and mortality rates, it is important to analyze its sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of neural tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study, carried out using data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) of confirmed cases and hospitalizations for neural tuberculosis. Methods: Variables used: region, sex, age group, color/race and year of service. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2020, the number of notified cases of meningoencephalic tuberculosis was 7.451, with mean cases per year of 677.36. The Southeast region was the most affected with 43.8% of the total cases, followed by the South and Northeast regions, with 24.1% and 20.1%, respectively. There was a wide predominance in individuals aged 30-39 years (42.8%) and in the age group 40-59 years (35.9%). The male sex was the most affected with 63.3% of the total. Conclusions: The study shows a predominance of cases in the South and Southeast regions, with a significant prevalence of males and age groups of 20- 59. This could be an alert for new prevention and health promotion strategies for the most affected groups.

Background: Stroke is rare in pediatric patients, but it is of paramount importance due to its serious complications. The study of the incidence of strokes in these patients is important for us to be able to adequate public health policies. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of strokes in pediatric patients in Brazil. Design and setting: Descriptive, retrospective study, carried out using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), from 2011 to 2020. Methods: Variables: brain stroke not specific for the hemorrhagic or ischemic type, mortality, hospitalizations, sex, ethnicity and age group from 0 to 19 years of age. Results: During the period from 2011 from 2020, there were a total of 6912 cases of stroke in the age group from 0 to 19 years; the highest incidence in 2019 (10.59%) and the lowest incidence in 2020 (8.65%.) The age group from 15 to 19 accumulated the greatest number of cases (60.40%). The total mortality rate was 8.12% (561 cases). The highest mortality rate was observed between 15 and 19 years of age (62.03%), and the lowest between 5 and 9 years of age(4.63%). The incidence was slightly higher in males (50.41%). Conclusions: Similar annual stroke rates were identified during the analyzed period, demonstrating the need for interventional actions to reduce its incidence. The non-specification of the hemorrhagic or ischemic types is a limiting factor, since the prevention management is different in each case. There was a higher prevalence, as well as a higher mortality rate, from 15 to 19 years.

Background: Stroke is an important cause of death and is a major cause of serious disability in Brazil and in the world. Therefore, it is fundamental to analyze its treatment in the hospital setting in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the progression of the stroke treatment in the hospital setting in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2019 and the outcomes associated to the disease. Design and Setting: Transversal, retrospective and quantitative study, with secondary data collected in the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH / SUS) between 2010 and 2019, in Brazil. Methods: Data from number of hospitalizations for stroke treatment, mortality rate and average length of hospital stay were collected and analyzed. A comparison has been made between these data over the selected years. Results: The number of hospitalizations for stroke treatment had a 16,83% growth between 2010 and 2019. In comparison, the average length of hospital stay was 7,7 days in 2010 and 7,6 days in 2019. The mortality rate had a reduction of 10,52% between these years. Conclusions: Despite the growth of hospitalization to stroke treatment, there was a reduction in the average length of hospital stay and in the mortality rate associated to the procedure. It is possible to infer an optimization in the stroke lead in intensive care units in Brazil.

Background: Spina bifida is the second leading cause of motor disability in childhood. Therefore, it’s important to know if the therapeutic offer for spina bifida is fulfilling its demand. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the number of treatments and the incidence of spina bifida in Brazil, between 2016 and 2019. Design and Setting: Descriptive, retrospective study, with secondary data collected in the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH / SUS) and the Information System of Live Births (SINASC), between 2016 and 2019, in Brazil. Methods: Variables used: frequency of spina bifida by live births and quantity of treatments. Results: In 2016, the frequency of spina bifida by live births was 746 and the number of procedures for treating the disease was 360, resulting in a 0.48 ratio between the treatment quantity and the affected live births. In 2017, the frequency was 711 and the procedure quantity was 337, with a 0.47 proportion. In 2018, the frequency was 726, the procedure quantity 294, with a 0.4 proportion. In 2019, the frequency decreased to 694, with 288 procedures, and a 0.41 proportion. In total, there were 2,877 live births with spina bifida and 1,300 hospital procedures, with a proportion of 0.45. Conclusions: The study shows a clear disparity between the frequency of spina bifida and the procedure quantity for this condition. In addition, the number of procedures was decreased, without a proportional declination in the disease incidence, indicating a need for greater public investment for such treatments.