A displasia coxofemoral caracteriza-se por incongruência da cabeça do fêmur ao articular-se com o acetábulo, acarretando em frouxidão e instabilidade articular. Este trabalho, tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma canina diagnosticada com displasia coxofemoral bilateral. Após atendimento inicial, foi realizado exame radiográfico, o qual evidenciou alterações características de displasia coxofemoral, a partir de então optou-se pela intervenção cirúrgica inicial usando a técnica de colocefalectomia, no membro esquerdo, o qual apresentava-se mais acometido radiograficamente. A causa etiológica não foi determinada, porém acredita-se que por ser um animal de grande porte e de rápido crescimento, houve disparidade da musculatura adjacente. O exame radiográfico mostrouse eficaz, bem como o teste de Ortolani, como meios diagnósticos. O tratamento cirúrgico permitiu alívio da dor e função razoável da articulação, mas complicações a longo prazo não podem ser descartadas.Palavras chave: articulação coxofemoral, artroplastia, cães, osteotomia da cabeça do fêmur Use of the colocephalectomy technique in the treatment of hip dysplasia in canine: Case reportABSTRACT. Coxofemoral dysplasia is characterized by incongruence of the head of the femur when articulating with the acetabulum, leading to laxity and joint instability. This study aims to report the case of a canine diagnosed with bilateral hip dysplasia. After initial care, a radiographic examination was performed, which revealed characteristic changes of the hip, and the initial surgical intervention was performed using the colocephalectomy technique in the left limb, which was more affected by radiographs. The etiologic cause was not determined, but it is believed that being a large animal and fast growing, there was disparity of the adjacent musculature. The radiographic examination proved to be effective, as well as the Ortolani test, as diagnostic means. Surgical treatment allowed for pain relief and reasonable joint function, but long-term complications can not be ruled out.

A anestesia loco-regional em nervo femoral e isquiático vem sendo amplamente utilizada em medicina veterinária, pois é conhecida por reduzir a necessidade de anestésicos gerais e medicamentos analgésicos no pós-operatório, diminuindo os seus efeitos colaterais associados. Com essa revisão, objetiva-se maior entendimento sobre bloqueio dos nervos ciático e femoral, abordando suas características principais, quando utilizados em procedimentos cirúrgicos dos membros posteriores em pequenos animais. Ao comparar com anestesia peridural, maiores estudos são necessários, porém diversos trabalhos já foram realizados e publicados, tanto em humanos quanto em animais, e relataram o sucesso na redução do limiar da dor em procedimentos cirúrgicos ortopédicos.Palavras chave: analgesia, anestesia, dor, pós-operatório, cirurgias ortopédicas Femoral and sciatic nerve block in small animal orthopedic surgeriesABSTRACT. Loco-regional anesthesia in the femoral and sciatic nerve has been widely used in veterinary medicine, since it is known to reduce the need for general anesthetics and analgesic drugs in the postoperative period, reducing their associated side effects. With this review, a greater understanding of sciatic and femoral nerve block is sought, addressing its main characteristics, when used in surgical procedures of the hind limbs in small animals. When comparing with epidural anesthesia, more studies are needed, but several studies have already been performed and published, both in humans and in animals, and have reported success in reducing the pain threshold in orthopedic surgical procedures.

Background: Congenital anomalies are an uncommon pituitary hypofunction cause associated to multiple hormone deficiencies. Congenital hyposomatotropism is often related to an inherited anomaly, characterized mainly by delayed growth. It is not uncommon to find associated thyroid-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin deficiencies. Pituitary malformation may be associated to progressive cystic lesion expansion. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is another rare disease associated to polyuria (PU) and polydipsia (PD) secondary to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficient secretion. The aim of this report is to describe a likely case of pituitary hypoplasia, associated with partial CDI in a cat.Case: A 9-month-old unneutered male Persian cat weighing 2 kg was presented due to severe polyuria and polydipsia associated with growth deficit when compared with its sibling. After clinical and laboratory evaluations during the months in which the patient was monitored, a reduced serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, and testosterone was documented, confirming the diagnosis of hyposomatotropism, hypogonadism, and secondary hypothyroidism. Furthermore, therapeutic diagnosis with desmopressin revealed partial central diabetes insipidus (CDI). As the sibling showed normal development aging 13-months, a radiographic examination of the forelimb (carpus) was performed on both cats. There was lack of growth plate fusion in the patient, without any other evidence of dysgenesis, whereas complete epiphyseal closure was observed in the sibling. Despite desmopressin and levothyroxine therapeutic prescription the owners refuse further follow-up to the case.Discussion: Notwhistanding neuroimaging was not available for investigation of pituitary aspect in this particular case, the clinical symptoms added to the results of the complementary tests were consistent with pituitary hypoplasia, associated with hyposomatotropism, secondary hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and partial CDI. Hyposomatotropism was presumably diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical characteristics, which included proportional growth delay, delayed tooth eruption, delayed growth plate fusion, associated with serum reduced IGF-1 results in comparison with its sibling. The report of low free T4 by equilibrium dialysis and of low total T4 levels, associated with low TSH levels, was considered compatible with secondary hypothyroidism. TRH stimulation test is considered the gold standard for secondary hypothyroidism diagnosis since low TSH could be secondary to assay´s low sensibility. However, normal TSH and thyroid hormone results in the sibling results ruled out this possible dismissed diagnose. The patient’s lack of sexual interest, associated with hypotestosteronemia and underdeveloped genitals (absence of penile spines and testicular hypoplasia), indicates hypogonadism. Finally, partial CDI diagnosis was demonstrated by cat´s partial ability to increase urinary specific gravity under water deprivation often made by the owners, as well as the response pattern to desmopressin therapy. Owing the lack of neurological signs expected to be associated with neoplastic or traumatic hypopituitarism etiology, hypoplasia hypothesis was raised. Quite often, patients with pituitary hypoplasia develop Rathke cleft cysts that might expand over time. In the present case, partial CDI is likely to be caused by the compression of the neurohypophysis by cyst formation secondary to adenohypophyseal hypoplasia since this kind of pituitary congenital anomaly does not justify per se neurohypophysis implications.

A nicotina é uma substância encontrada no tabaco e seus derivados, apresentando poucos relatos na literatura relacionados à intoxicação em cães.  A toxicose na espécie pode ocorrer devido à proximidade com humanos, principalmente com tutores fumantes, tornando-se inevitável o contato com essa substância. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre intoxicação por nicotina em cães.  Para o estudo foi realizado a pesquisa de artigos   indexados nas bases científicas PubMed, SciELO, portal de periódicos CAPES e Scopus, no recorte temporal de 1998 a 2020, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: cães, nicotina, tabaco e intoxicação. A partir dos estudos elencados obteve-se como resultados: quais produtos derivados da nicotina foram mais descritos na literatura, a sua dose letal e os sinais clínicos relacionados à toxicose. Concluiu-se que a nicotina é uma substância muito perigosa para cães e que apesar da sua gravidade existem poucos estudos sobre abordagem clínica e emergencial em casos de intoxicação por nicotina.