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Although hundreds of studies have demonstrated that eyewitness testimony is error-prone, eyewitness evidence is often the strongest or only evidence used by juries when coming to a verdict. One potential cause of error occurs when eyewitnesses and the suspect are of different races. Findings regarding the cross-race effect are generally consistent, but causes for the effect are not well understood. This research explores decision-making strategies that may differentiate lineup identifications in cross-race versus same-race situations. Data were collected from 161 Caucasian subjects engaged in either a crossrace or same-race facial recognition task, similar to that used in criminal investigations. Although few differences were found between same and cross-race decision strategies, a number of other effects were found, including the impact of race on clarity of memory, and pre-and postdecision confidence. We discuss the implications for these data and propose directions for future research.

beyond a factual review of the literature on effectiveness. Finishing a good book is often accompanied by a sense of loss or regret that the story will not continue. My only regret about this book is that the editors did not pull the material on motivation and change together in a chapter dedicated to providing a synthesis of what is known in this area. Although this is a common theme in the book, I would have enjoyed the integrated whole woven together in a way that I suspect the editors are uniquely qualified to create. Despite this shortcoming, this book should be considered required reading for anyone who would like a summary of the evidence to support self-help interventions along with a thoughtful consideration of the change process and practical strategies related to implementation.

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