Objective: We observe the effects of in-vehicle system gesture-based interaction versus touch-based interaction on driver distraction and user experience. Background: Driver distraction is a major problem for traffic safety, as it is a contributing factor to a number of accidents. Visual distraction in particular has a highly negative impact on the driver. One possibility for reducing visual driver distraction is to use new forms of interaction in the vehicle, such as gesture-based interaction. Method: In this experiment, participants drove on a motorway or in a city scenario while using touch-based interaction or gesture-based interaction. Subjective data, such as acceptance and workload, and objective data, including glance behavior, were gathered. Results: As a result, participants rated their subjective impressions of safe driving as higher when using gesture-based interaction. More specifically, acceptance and attractiveness were higher, and workload was lower. The participants performed significantly fewer glances to the display and the glances were much shorter. Conclusion: Gestures are a positive alternative for in-vehicle interaction since effects on driver distraction are less significant when compared to touch-based interaction. Application: Potential application of this research includes interaction design of typical in-vehicle information and entertainment functions.

Objective We observe the driving performance effects of gesture-based interaction (GBI) versus touch-based interaction (TBI) for in-vehicle information systems (IVISs). Background As a contributing factor to a number of traffic accidents, driver distraction is a significant problem for traffic safety. More specifically, visual distraction has a strong negative impact on driving performance and risk perception. Thus, the implementation of new interaction systems that use midair gestures to encourage glance-free interactions could reduce visual distraction among drivers. Methods In this experiment, participants drove a projection-based Vehicle-in-the-Loop. The projection-based technology combines a visual simulation with kinesthetic, vestibular, and auditory feedback from a car on a test track. While driving, participants used GBI or TBI to perform IVIS tasks. To investigate driving behavior related to critical driving situations and car-following maneuvers, vehicle data based upon longitudinal and lateral driving were collected. Results Participants reacted faster to critical driving situations when using GBI compared to TBI. For drivers using TBI, steering performance decreased and time headway to a preceding vehicle was higher. Conclusion Gestures provide a safe alternative to in-vehicle interactions. Moreover, GBI has fewer effects on driver distraction than TBI. Application Potential applications of this research include all in-vehicle interaction systems used by drivers.

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