Decreasing GSE was linked to PSD, especially in patients with high baseline GSE. This effect may be due to dissatisfaction with recovery following high expectations. Early depressive symptoms and low social support predicted PSD. Early screening for depressive symptoms and focusing on self-efficacy might help to prevent later depression.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric condition after stroke, affecting one third of survivors. Despite identification of meaningful predictors, knowledge about the interplay between these factors remains fragmentary. General self-efficacy (GSE) is closely linked to PSD, yet direction and magnitude of this relationship remains unclear. The authors assessed the relationship between GSE and depression during the first two years post-stroke while controlling for stable inter-individual differences using continuous time (CT) structural equation modelling (SEM). Patients of two German rehabilitation centres (N = 294, mean age = 63.78 years, SD = 10.83) were assessed six weeks after ischemic stroke and at four follow-ups covering two years. GSE Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to assess GSE and depression. CT-analysis revealed significantly higher within-person cross-effects of GSE on GDS (a = -.29) than vice versa (a= -.17). Maximal cross-lagged effects emerged six months post-stroke. Our results show that decreasing GSE led to increasing depressiveness, and only to a smaller extent vice versa. This suggests that fostering GSE by strengthening perceived control after stroke can counter PSD emersion and exacerbation. Six months post-stroke, when patients face social re-integration, programmes focusing on GSE could potentially help to prevent later PSD.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Erste Evaluation des neu entwickelten Fragebogens zur Erfassung Aversiver und Protektiver Kindheitserfahrungen (APK). Methodik In einer Stichprobe von 128 Patienten in stationärer oder teilstationärer Psychotherapie wurden die Reliabilität des APK sowie konvergente und Kriteriumsvalidität untersucht. Ergebnisse Der APK zeigte in seinen Gesamtskalen und in den meisten Subskalen eine hohe bis sehr hohe interne Konsistenz, deutliche Hinweise auf konvergente Validität, sowie Zusammenhänge mit Depressivität und Bindungsunsicherheit. Insbesondere die Skala zu protektiven Kindheitserfahrungen klärte eigenständige Varianz in Bezug auf Validitätsaspekte auf. Schlussfolgerung Mit dem APK liegt ein erweitertes Instrument zur Traumadiagnostik vor. Neben der Erfassung aversiver Kindheitserfahrungen hat die Möglichkeit des gleichzeitigen Erfassens protektiver Kindheitserfahrungen für Forschung wie Praxis eine besondere Bedeutung.