Hypersensitivity reactions are common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with antiepileptics. Carbamazepine is one of the routinely prescribed drugs for the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. ADRs due to carbamazepine range from mild maculopapular rash to severe anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). AHS is the triad of fever, rash, and internal organ involvement occurring 1-8 weeks after exposure to an anticonvulsant (1 in 1,000 to 10,000 exposures). Spontaneously reported three cases of AHS-drug hypersensitivity reactions induced by carbamazepine are discussed here. Seven to ten days after starting therapy, patients developed maculopapular skin rashes, fever and liver or kidney involvement. The causal relationship between drug and ADR was found to be ‘certain’ in one case and ‘probable’ in other two cases with both WHO-UMC and Naranjo causality assessment scale. All the three cases show category 4a according to Hartwig's severity scale as ADR was the cause for hospital admission. On assessing preventability of ADRs by modified Schumock and Thorntons’ scale, one case was falling into category of ‘definitely preventable’ and other two were ‘not preventable’. AHS is rare but serious reaction with carbamazepine which requires vigilant monitoring by physicians to avoid major consequences.

Background: Epilepsy is a common medical condition characterized by repeated seizures due to a disorder of the brain cells. The data was limited regarding the prescribing pattern and side effects of various antiepileptic drugs in private hospitals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern of Antiepileptic drugs in the management of various types of epileptic seizures over a period of twelve months. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among epileptic patients on follow up at neurology department of Life line hospital, Azamgarh. During the twelve months study period, epileptic patients who were prescribed with AED's (antiepileptic drugs) were included in this study. Data were collected through the Patients case files. Results: Our study revealed male predominance over female. In 18-30(35.66%) age group, Patients were more prone to epilepsy. Total 145(48.33%) patients were diagnosed with generalized seizure. Headache (27.55%) was most commonly observed ADRs. Total 959 (94.57%) number of drugs were prescribed with brand name. Valproic acid (15.18%) was most commonly prescribed drugs for treatment of epilepsy for treatment of epilepsy which included 154 encounters. Avg. cost for 6months of epileptic treatment was 64752.02. Average cost per prescription was Rs. 1553.50. Conclusion: This study highlights the need of drug utilization evaluation as it will help in analysing ongoing health care practices, so that lacunae in the system can be identified and Proper strategies can be planned to rectify them. In recent times, there has been done an immense effort to ensure and implement rational drug use.

The has become the most critical health problem worldwide. It was first started from Wuhan, China and now it has affected more than 230 countries and millions of people. The diabetic patients with uncontrolled glycemic state for long term can result in many microvascular and macrovascular complications. Hence they are most commonly affected individuals during COVID-19. In this review we have briefed about the impact of COVID-19 in diabetes, the different pathophysioloy and management of diabetes in this phase.

The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the term 2019 novel corona virus to refer to a corona virus that affected the lower respiratory tract of patients with pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The official name of the 2019 novel corona virus is corona virus disease (COVID-19), announced by WHO. The total reported cases of COVID-19 as of 15 th June, 2020 are 79,95,877 and 4,35,598 reported deaths. Non-availability of vaccines and medicines for its treatment is really threatening to the world right now. All chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, antibacterial therapy like azithromycin and doxycycline, antiviral therapy like lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir, convalescent plasma therapy, zinc, vaccines and Tocilizumab are part of possible management options and none is officially approved for the treatment. Current review of various articles by searching on PubMed is initiated with intention of creating meaningful information regarding all possible management that is available or will be available in near future of COVID-19.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a bunch of disorders of metabolism that share the phenotypic sign of hyperglycemia. Different variants of DM are caused due to the interaction of various genetic factors with environmental factors. Materials and Methods: This is prospective, comparative, and observational study. The study was conducted at SMBT Medical Institute and Research Centre Dhamangaon Nashik and private Diabetic clinic. Each center was 50 purposive sampling. Inclusion Criteria: All those patients who are diagnosed with Type II Diabetes and age of 18 years and above belonging to either gender were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Patients who are not willing to sign the informed consent were excluded from the study. Those individuals who are having Type I diabetes and suffering from co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and immune deficiency syndrome were excluded. Results: In our study, results revealed that mono and combination therapies for the treatment of type II DM. The present study revealed that most of the physicians initially prescribed mono therapy (25%) includes Metformin/Glibenclamide/Glimepiride/Gliclazide to control hyperglycemia followed by dual therapy (35%) FDC of Metformin + Pioglitazone/Metformin + Glipizide/Metformin + Glimepiride/Metformin + Saxagliptin/Metformin + Voglibose and triple therapy (40%) includes Metformin + Glimepiride + Pioglitazone in group A. In Group B, mono therapy (35%) and triple therapy (35%) were used more commonly over dual therapy (30%) to control hyperglycemic. Conclusion: Hence, while comparing between tertiary care versus private care hospital, Group A: Biguanide: Metformin and Sulfonylureas: Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Gliclazide, and Glimepiride was most commonly prescribed drug. In Group B: Dapagliflozin (Sodium-glucose co-transport-2 inhibitors) and Teneligliptin: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were most commonly used in private hospital.