Promoting walking or cycling and reducing cars’ use is one of the city planners’ main targets, contributing to a sustainable transport method. Yet, the number of vehicles worldwide is increasing as fast as the population, and motorized mobility has become the primary transport method in most cities. Here, we consider modal share as an emergent behaviour of personal decisions. All individuals minimize their commuting time and reach an equilibrium under which no person is willing to change their transportation mode. In terms of the minimum travel time, the best-case scenario is used to determine the extra commuting time and the excess cars, computed as a social inefficiency. Results show that commuting times could increase up to 25% with many more vehicles than optimum. Paradoxically, all individuals trying to minimize their time could collectively reach the maximum commuting times in the extreme case, with all individuals driving during rush hour.

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This article reviews the international literature focusing on territorial disparities to identify key areas of focus through both a traditional and a big data approach considering a highly unequal country: Colombia. First, we use a traditional approach with a manual scan of the literature to provide a structured review and highlight areas of focus and the key findings. We then take a big data approach to identify gaps in the literature. Using the international literature on regional disparities as a point of reference, we identify areas that, compared with international literature, have been understudied in Colombia. We also point to areas that are guaranteed to be subjects of further research to contribute to a better understanding of the challenges related to regional development in Colombia and thus to better informed policy design.