Chile. Fono: 5753532. E-mail: mrsalinas@vtr.net E n la última década, son numerosos los reportes médicos que han descrito cuadros clínicos asociados al uso de drogas ilícitas, dentro de las cuales la cocaína es una de las más prevalentes. El consumo de cocaína se ha asociado con diversas complicaciones, siendo las más frecuentes las cardiovasculares y neurológicas y menos comunes pulmonares, digestivas, hematológicas y renales 1 . a continuación hemos querido centrar nuestra atención en la falla renal aguda asociada al consumo de cocaína que es una complicación poco frecuente. Se ha descrito que 30% de los pacientes que ingresan con un cuadro clínico de rabdomiólisis por uso de cocaína desarrollan falla renal, representando este último grupo a 5% de los pacientes consumidores de cocaína que asisten al servicio de urgencia 2 . a propósito de un caso clínico que estuvo en el Hospital del Salvador, hemos realizado una breve revisión de la literatura médica, con énfasis en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos.
Background The extent of tubular lesions and recruitment of inflammatory cells is belived to be and important predictor of renal function in immune- mediated glomerulonephritis (1) such as Lupus Nephritis (LN). The response of the renal tubules to proteinuria is implicated in progression of renal disease (2). Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1), a recently discovered transmembrane tubular protein, is markedly induced in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. KIM-1 is an ideal biomarker because is not expressed in normal kidney but specifically expressed in injured proximal tubular cells and such expression persist until the damage cells recovered (3). Objectives The role of KIM-1 in LN remains elusive. In this study, we examined the correlation between gene expression of KIM-1 in the urinary sediment and biopsy of patients (P) with NL diagnosis, and the relationship between KIM-1 expression and urine Protein/Creatinine ratio (P/C). Methods Twenty two kidney biopsies and 28 urine samples from 20 P with LN (17 F/3 M, age 33,55±12,28; Range: 15-72) were evaluated. Kidney biopsies were classified according to ISN/RPS scoring system (4). Urine samples from LN patients were divided as P/C <1 (Group I, N=12) and P/C >1 (Group II, N=16), and urine samples from healthy individuals (Group III, N=17) were analized as control. Levels of gene expression of KIM-1 were evaluated using Quantitative Real Time PCR (QPCR). All amplifications were carried out in duplicate and threshold cycle (Ct) scores were averaged for calculations of relative expression values. The Ct scores were normalized against Ct scores by subtracting the corresponding β2Microglobuline (β2M) control, or DCt=Ct,gene- Ct,B2M. A Spearman’s rank-order correlations (r) was used to test associations between gene expression levels in biopsy and urine pairs samples. To test for differential gene expression between groups a variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed. Results We observed a significant correlation between biopsy and urine, Spearman r=0,6838 (p=0.0005). There were a statistically significant difference in the expression of KIM-1 between groups (p=0,0110). After ANOVA test, we observed that the levels of mRNA of KIM-1 in Group II were higher than those from Group I and there were higher than Group III. Conclusions There was no expression of KIM-1 in normal urine. In LN, urinary KIM-1 gene expression is closely related to tissue KIM-1 and correlates with the severity of tubular interstitial injury. Quantitation of urinary KIM-1 is likely to be a nobel noninvasive and sensitive method for the evaluation of kidney injury in P with LN. References Zheng L, et al. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 56(5): 517-529, 2008. Hill G, et al. Kidney International. 60: 1893-1903, 2001. Hou W, et al. Transplantation Reviews. 24:143-146, 2010. Weening JJ, et al. Kidney International. 65 (2): 521-530, 2004. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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