PurposeTo report the case of a patient who developed late capsular block syndrome and to review the current literature regarding this complication of phacoemulsification procedures.MethodsThe literature was reviewed to summarize the diagnosis, classification, use of diagnostic aids, and the current treatments for this complication.ResultsA 69-year-old patient complained of decreased visual acuity 11 months after undergoing phacoemulsification. She was found to have a secondary myopization. Anterior segment ultrabiomicroscopy confirmed the diagnosis of capsular block syndrome. The patient underwent neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy, which resulted in complete resolution of her symptoms.ConclusionCapsular block syndrome is a fairly rare complication of phacoemulsification procedures that, depending primarily on the timing of its occurrence following surgery, can develop into one of the three following possible clinical scenarios: intraoperatory, early postoperatory, and late postoperatory. In this patient, Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was shown to be a safe and effective treatment option for this type of complication.

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Study purposed to investigate the role of several infective agents in multiple sclerosis. Patients and methods: Fifty nine patients with MS have been investigated. Among them the first group-19 patients with primary progressive MS, the second group-24 patients with relapse remitting MS and the third group-16 patients with secondary progressive MS. Several infections (Chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, herpes virus 6) were detected in 4ml CSF. DNA was isolated from CSF and PCR method according to kit instruction (Amplification N15 kb, temperature over 65°C-Maximbio, USA). The length of the DNA was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. CSF oligoclonal bands were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis with Coomassie Blue staining.Statistics performed by SPSS-11.0. Results: Chlamydia pneumoniae found to be positive in CSF of 11 (45%) patients with relapse remitting MS and in 7 (43%) patients with secondary progressive MS. Mycoplasma hominis was positive in CSF of 2 (8%) patients with relapse remitting MS. Herpes virus 6 was positive in 1(5%) patients with primary progressive MS and in 1(5%) patient with secondary progressive MS. Positive correlation was found between presence of CSF Chlamydia pneumonie and CSF count of oligoclonal bands (r = +0.27, pb0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the significance of infective agents for mean predicted probability of development of relapse remitting MS. Conclusion: Probably, infective agents play the important role in immunology and clinical course of MS.